面向机载综合监视系统的ADS-B技术综述

广播式自动相关监视（ADS-B）作为机载综合监视系统（ISS）的新增重要组成部分,在保证飞机飞行安全的前提下,在监视成本和效率方面展现出优势,引领了未来监视技术的发展。本文首先介绍了ADS-B系统功能与优劣势,梳理了国内外技术和产品现状;然后从保障飞行安全和高效的角度出发,分析和综述了机载ISS中ADS-B的关键技术,并详细阐述了技术内涵及难点;最后结合下一代空域运行理念,探讨和展望了技术发展趋势,提出了4个ADS-B技术的未来发展方向,为推动ADS-B技术在实际运行与理论研究方面的发展提供参考。     

Reachable domain of spacecraft with a single tangent impulse considering trajectory safety

The reachable domain of the two-body transfer orbit with a single upper-bounded tangent impulse is studied. Three cases are analyzed for either the magnitude of the tangent impulse or the initial impulse point being free, or both being free. For a fixed impulse magnitude and a free initial impulse point, the initial orbit is proved to be one of the envelopes of the reachable domain. Moreover, the trajectory safety for the transfer orbit requires a lower bound on the perigee altitude and an upper bound on the apogee altitude. Then the ranges of the impulse magnitude and the initial true anomaly can be obtained by solving quadratic and cubic inequalities, respectively. If both constraints are required for an arbitrary impulse point, the range of the impulse magnitude is obtained with impulses at the perigee and the apogee. Several numerical examples with different eccentricities are provided to show the geometry of the reachable domain and to verify the proposed method.     

航天器共因失效分析与预防初探

简要介绍了共因失效相关概念及分析方法,通过共因失效案例分析,对航天器如何开展共因失效分析以及如何预防共因失效进行了初步探讨,提出了航天器开展共因失效分析的定性和定量方法以及预防共因失效的措施。     

参与式案例教学法在《安全管理实务》中的应用

结合教学实践,针对安全管理实务课程内容和特点,提出参与式案例教学方法。该方法给学生提供了一个宽松、平等、积极的环境,有利于提高学生参与教学的积极性,有助于学生在参与过程中灵活运用所学知识、技能,有助于提高学生解决实际问题的能力和综合素质,培养团队合作意识,提高就业竞争力。     

基于人因分析的可靠性管理研究和实践

以人因研究为基础,提出安全性工作与经济性工作结合、质量管理工作与工程管理工作结合、技术管理工作与绩效管理工作结合的观点,旨在寻求一条能使生产单位直接获益的可靠性管理新思路,并由此探索将总部与基地的可靠性管理工作紧密结合的新途径。     

中国核电厂操作员反应时认知模型的应用(英文)

讨论了一些有关人员行为与时间有依赖关系的可靠性模型；给出了中国核电厂操作员在清华大学培训模型机上的一些可靠性实验结果。此外，还根据已获得的实验数据计算了在ＡＴＷＳ事故条件下人的失误概率。     

基于动力学边界的结冰飞机安全预警方法

结冰严重破坏飞机的动力学特性，使飞机的非线性和动力学耦合特性表现明显，导致传统的安全预警方法无法准确有效地评估飞行存在的潜在风险，易引发飞行事故。为解决此问题，提出了一种基于动力学边界的新型安全预警方法，该方法可综合考虑飞机的动力学耦合特性，可为结冰飞机的实时安全预警系统的构建提供有力的理论支撑。首先，基于微分流形理论确定结冰飞机精确的动力学边界，并详细分析了飞机结冰对动力学边界的影响；其次，利用动力学边界相对距离对飞行风险进行量化，结合动力学边界的特性确定了安全预警的方法；最后，搭建了飞行仿真训练系统，并以着陆为训练科目，通过与传统迎角安全预警方法对比，得到基于动力学边界安全预警方法的优越性。研究结果表明，相比于传统迎角限制方法，动力学边界安全预警方法可提前发现飞行中存在的潜在风险，且基于此方法的飞行训练系统可对驾驶员进行结冰安全操纵训练可提高结冰飞机的飞行安全。     

Reliable flight performance assessment of multirotor based on interacting multiple model particle filter and health degree

Multirotor has been applied to many military and civilian mission scenarios. From the perspective of reliability, it is difficult to ensure that multirotors do not generate hardware and software failures or performance anomalies during the flight process. These failures and anomalies may result in mission interruptions, crashes, and even threats to the lives and property of human beings. Thus, the study of flight reliability problems of multirotors is conductive to the development of the drone industry and has theoretical significance and engineering value. This paper proposes a reliable flight performance assessment method of multirotors based on an Interacting Multiple Model Particle Filter (IMMPF) algorithm and health degree as the performance indicator. First, the multirotor is modeled by the Stochastic Hybrid System (SHS) model, and the problem of reliable flight performance assessment is formulated. In order to solve the problem, the IMMPF algorithm is presented to estimate the real-time probability distribution of hybrid state of the established SHS-based multirotor model, since it can decrease estimation errors compared with the standard interacting multiple model algorithm based on extended Kalman filter. Then, the reliable flight performance is assessed with health degree based on the estimation result. Finally, a case study of a multirotor suffering from sensor anomalies is presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

锌银电池组延寿试验

为了延长一次性使用的锌银电池组寿命，经多年研究，找出了影响电池组性能的原因并采取了改善措施。本文重点论述了电池组延寿的几种方法。     

一种折叠弹翼悬挂物的分离轨迹试验技术

提出了一种新的折叠弹翼悬挂物机弹分离轨迹试验技术,重点解决了在机弹分离过程中折叠弹翼动态展开时悬挂物的气动力获取问题。研究表明,提出的试验技术通过将悬挂物气动力修正方法引入到悬挂物分离安全性研究当中,准确地得到悬挂物的分离特性,解决了折叠弹翼悬挂物分离轨迹风洞试验技术瓶颈,为折叠弹翼悬挂物的投放分离安全性提供一套工程实用的解决方案。