大口径长焦距空间相机热门机构方案研究

相机热门是大口径高分辨率空间相机的关键部件。文章概要介绍了空间相机热门机构的组成、工作原理及设计要点。     

一种二自由度球形五杆并联机构的运动学分析

应用螺旋理论分析一种二自由度球形五杆并联机构的运动螺旋及其反螺旋，在此基础上分析了其自由度。建立其位置正、反解方程，并进行验证。应用螺旋理论建立了其一阶影响系数矩阵。     

航空活塞发动机机体疲劳优化设计方法

机体可靠性差是航空活塞发动机适航取证过程中的技术难题。以某型发动机下机体为研究对象,通 过模型仿真得到机体的瞬态载荷曲线并进行拟合,按实际安装对其进行约束,采用 Goodman方法进行高周疲 劳分析,计算机体疲劳安全系数;提出一种分离式主轴盖的设计方法,优化下机体结构,在相同载荷的条件进行 对比分析;采用威布尔数学模型对机体可靠性指标进行计算验证,并对优化后的机体进行耐久测试。结果表 明:下机体疲劳安全系数、整机寿命、可靠性大幅提升,该设计方法对提高类似结构可靠性有一定的借鉴意义。     

ESO-based event-triggered attitude control of spacecraft with unknown actuator faults

An event-triggered control strategy based on extended state observer (ESO) is proposed for the attitude tracking problem of small plug-and-play spacecraft with uncertain inertia parameters, external disturbances, and actuator faults. A simplified controller is developed based on the angular velocity and the general disturbances estimated by the provided ESO using the information of the system inputs and the angular velocities. In the designed event-triggered sampling mechanism, a state-dependent event-triggered strategy determines the triggering instant of the controller to reduce the frequency of information transmission between the controller and the actuator. In comparison with the previous literature, this paper considers uncertain inertia parameters, external disturbances, and actuator faults as general disturbances estimated by ESO, especially for the actuator faults. The inputs of ESO are the error of the angular velocities, which can simplify the controller design. Moreover, the designed ESO can effectively attenuate the influence of measured noises generated by the gyroscopes. The proposed event-triggered policy balances the performance of event-triggering and the control stability performance, which reduces the final state convergence regions without increasing more triggering times compared to existing studies. Furthermore, the investigated policy achieves Zeno-free triggering. Numerical simulations verify theoretical results.     

基于灰色预测的加速试验机理一致性判定方法

确定失效机理一致性条件是保证加速试验正确性的前提之一.由于现有的一致性判定方法只能利用加速试验数据,不能指导加速试验设计,因此需要一种基于强化试验数据的一致性判定方法.针对工程中强化试验数据少的特点,选取可以处理少数据的灰色预测,给出了一致性判定的新方法及流程.该方法通过将灰色预测中的GM(1,1)和等维新息模型相结合,找出强化试验数据的趋势改变点,在加速试验之前得到机理一致性变化的条件.通过在加速度计中的应用案例,验证了该方法的可行性.     

喷嘴式隔板与纵向肋式隔板阻尼效应分析

利用声学模型和单喷嘴声学模拟试验研究了喷嘴式隔板的耗散机理;用数值方法分析了纵向肋式隔板周围的涡流;用声学理论研究了纵向肋式隔板的声场。研究结果表明:选取合适的管间隙将会使喷嘴式隔板具有更好的稳定性作用;肋片周围是涡流产生的主要区域;肋高对燃烧室声学特性的影响远大于肋长。     

A novel approach of testability modeling and analysis for PHM systems based on failure evolution mechanism

Prognostics and health management (PHM) significantly improves system availability and reliability, and reduces the cost of system operations. Design for testability (DFT) developed concurrently with system design is an important way to improve PHM capability. Testability modeling and analysis are the foundation of DFT. This paper proposes a novel approach of testability modeling and analysis based on failure evolution mechanisms. At the component level, the fault progression-related information of each unit under test (UUT) in a system is obtained by means of failure modes, evolution mechanisms, effects and criticality analysis (FMEMECA), and then the failure-symptom dependency can be generated. At the system level, the dynamic attributes of UUTs are assigned by using the bond graph methodology, and then the symptom-test dependency can be obtained by means of the functional flow method. Based on the failure-symptom and symptom-test dependencies, testability analysis for PHM systems can be realized. A shunt motor is used to verify the application of the approach proposed in this paper. Experimental results show that this approach is able to be applied to testability modeling and analysis for PHM systems very well, and the analysis results can provide a guide for engineers to design for testability in order to improve PHM performance.     

国际空间站有效载荷安全性认证工作探讨

通过介绍NASA针对航天飞机、国际空间站等航天器上有效载荷安全性认证方面的组织机构及其职责、需开展认证的有效栽荷及其分类、典型有效载荷的安全性技术要求、有效载荷安全性认证工作流程等方面的内容,提出我国空间站工程在有效载荷安全性认证方面开展相关工作的启示和建议,为后续空间站载荷开展上站认证、确保载荷在轨安全及空间站平台安全提供参考。     

Study on ballistic penetration resistance of titanium alloy TC4, Part II: Numerical analysis

Enhancing containment capability and reducing weight are always great concerns in the design of casings. Ballistic tests can help to mitigate a catastrophic event after a blade out, yet taking time and costing money. A wise way is to hunt for a validated numerical simulation technology, through which the material dynamic behavior over the strain rate range in the ballistic tests should be represented and reasonable failure strain should be defined. The simulation results show that the validation of the numerical simulation technology based on the test data can accurately estimate the absorption energy, describe the physical process and failure mode during the penetration, as well as the failure mechanism. It is found that energy dissipation of projectiles is in manner of compression stage, energy conversion stage, and interactive scrap stage. An effect indicator is proposed, where the factors of critical velocity including impact orientation and mass of projectiles and thickness of casings are considered. The critical velocity presents a linear relation with the effect indicator, which implies the critical velocity obtained by the flat casing could underestimate the capability of the real casing.     

一种空间相机用小型锁定组件设计

在卫星发射阶段,采用锁定组件对空间相机中的活动部件进行锁定可以提高活动部件的基频和抗振动能力、减少振动对机构精度的影响。一种用于空间相机中活动部件锁定和解锁的小型锁定组件,采用电机正反转动带动滚子从动件径向凸轮机构来实现锁定、解锁功能。文章详细介绍了小型锁定组件组成和工作原理,通过设计实例对机构进行了受力分析计算、验证了电机和结构设计参数选择的合理性。装机地面试验和环境试验结果表明,所设计的锁定组件性能稳定、工作可靠,很好地满足了空间相机使用要求。