橡胶减振垫在航天器中的应用及验证

文章针对某航天器振动试验过程中出现的自锁阀及其安装支架振动响应放大问题,提出了一种采用橡胶减振垫的解决措施,给出了增加减振垫后设备安装的刚度模型及其分析,并通过振动试验验证了这种方法的有效性。试验结果表明:采用橡胶减振垫可以较好地解决部分航天器上仪器设备在振动环境条件下响应超标的问题,措施简单有效,满足使用要求,具有一定的推广应用价值。     

Storage life of silicone rubber sealing ring used in solid rocket motor

It is urgent to carry out detailed research on storage performance of rubber sealing ring to get the criterion for its storage life. This paper acquires material ageing regularity by theoretical analysis and experimental confirmation. On this condition, failure mode and failure criterion of typical sealing structure is studied, and the failure mechanism is found. Thus by analyzing the stress distribution, the relationship between ageing state and sealing condition is established. Rationalization proposal is put forward and storage life of sealing ring is evaluated. The research mentionedabove has special reference to the design of sealing structures and can provide reference for prolonging their service life.     

湿热环境苯基阻尼硅橡胶加速老化与寿命预测研究

研究了苯基阻尼硅橡胶的湿热老化过程,重点考察了其拉伸性能、阻尼性能和压缩回弹性能。对于拉伸性能,实验研究表明材料拉伸模量和100%定伸应力均随着温度或者湿度的上升而逐渐提高。对于阻尼性能,损耗系数随着温度或者湿度的上升而逐渐下降。对于压缩回弹性能,压缩永久变形随着温度或者湿度的上升而逐渐上升。另外,温度对苯基硅橡胶性能的影响大于湿度。这主要归因于老化过程中同时发生了侧基氧化和水解,进而导致分子链交联和断裂同时发生。相比于分子链断裂,分子链交联占据了主导作用。最后,采用Peck模型预测了不同温湿度环境下苯基硅橡胶的贮存寿命。由于阻尼性能决定了苯基硅橡胶的减振性能,因此将损耗系数作为评价特征参数。结果表明,在25 ℃下,当相对湿度在80%~40%间变动时,苯基硅橡胶的寿命在18~39 a间变化。此研究有助于进一步理解苯基硅橡胶的老化过程,并且提供了不同湿热环境下苯基阻尼硅橡胶寿命预测的方法。     

复杂构型金属橡胶毛坯铺设路径规划

基于金属橡胶毛坯自动化铺设工艺,对遗传算法进行合理改进,进行了复杂构型金属橡胶毛坯铺设的定位销优化设计和路径规划。针对定位销优化设计和路径规划问题,建立了改进的编码、交叉、变异算子,并提出评价因子对遗传算法的迭代过程进行评价。优化的定位销排布和铺设路径可以较好地实现复杂构型金属橡胶毛坯铺设,铺设10层时,优化路径对应的目标函数b的值比经验路径小54%,路径规划作用显著。单层路径规模对铺设效果影响较小;单层路径规模不同时,毛坯内部接触状态随着铺设螺旋卷长度的增加趋于一致。为复杂构型金属橡胶毛坯铺设提供了理论依据。      

铝合金薄板零件橡皮囊成形屈曲分析与实验

为了抑制铝合金薄板类零件在橡皮囊成形后出现屈曲的缺陷,采用薄板屈曲微分方程对零件成形后的屈曲进行理论分析,并通过橡皮囊成形实验研究自然时效时间和成形压力对屈曲缺陷的影响。理论分析结果表明：零件法兰屈曲波数与其内外径比有关,通过改变法兰宽度进行实验验证,实验结果与理论分析结果相符;而成形实验结果表明,屈曲缺陷高度随板料自然时效时间的增加而增加,随成形压力的增加而减少。因此,理论分析结果有效,并且可通过减少淬火后成形时间和增加成形压力来抑制屈曲缺陷。     

某无人机光电平台隔振设计及试验分析

机载光电平台的稳定性和跟踪精度受振动扰动的影响十分敏感,为了提高平台任务载荷的成像品质,需要通过合理的隔振设计对光电平台的振动环境加以改善。文章以某无人机吊舱平台为背景,结合被动隔振理论及被动隔振系统的动力学模型,给出光电平台隔振设计的技术思想及具体的隔振方案,并通过振动试验对隔振设计的效果进行了检验。试验结果表明,隔振系统内部测点的加速度均方根与外部测点的相比减小了60%,说明了隔振设计的减振效力,进而验证了隔振方案的合理性,为更深入的机载隔振系统设计提供了参考依据。     

Preparation of CF/Ni-Fe/CNT/silicone layered rubber for aircraft sealing and electromagnetic interference shielding applications

To meet the needs of preventing information leakage in space engineering and military industry, an efficient method was introduced to obtain layered electromagnetic shielding sealing rubber. The carbon fiber, Ni-Fe coating, and Carbon NanoTube (CNT) were combined by chemical plating and in-situ polymerization to obtain a lightweight (0.14 g/cm²) and thin (1 mm thick) Carbon fiber Fabric (CF)/Ni-Fe/CNT/silicone layered electromagnetic shielding composites. The layered material obtained by adjusting the electroless plating time exhibited a high Shielding Efficiency (SE) of 60.2–85.5 dB in the range of 0–4800 MHz, which can be used for aviation electromagnetic shielding. Carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes mainly attenuated electromagnetic waves through absorption loss, while the nickel-iron alloy coating through reflection loss interacted with the magnetic vector of incident ElectroMagnetic (EM) radiation and magnetic dipoles, therefore, the EM Interference (EMI) shielding composite attenuated EM waves with the “absorption-reflection-absorption” cooperative interaction. Moreover, the flexible fabric substrate adhered with silicone rubber possessed a breaking elongation of 52.3%, which can be utilized as a good sealing material. Simultaneously, the outstanding exothermicity (67.2 °C under the applied voltage of 5 V) makes it possible to be applied in electric heating area. The electromagnetic shielding composites prepared in this paper have good potential in the fields of precision electronic equipment and aviation systems.     

金属橡胶材料吸声特性试验与分析

根据已经建立的金属橡胶材料的吸声理论模型,采用阻抗管法对不同参数下金属橡胶材料的吸声系数和声阻抗进行了试验测量和研究.进一步考察了金属橡胶结构参数(丝径、厚度、孔隙率、背后空腔深度等)对其吸声特性的影响及影响规律.并与该理论模型的计算结果进行了对比分析,验证了该模型的准确性,进而为金属橡胶在吸声降噪方面的工程应用提供了试验方法,为进一步完善该理论奠定基础.     

防老剂D纯度对天然橡胶(NR)热氧老化性能的影响

为了改善天然橡胶的热氧老化性能,试验了防老剂D提纯品和工业品对天然橡胶(NR)热氧老化性能的影响,测试了其热氧化诱导期、热失重、热老化的性能变化。结果表明：含杂少纯度高的防老剂D使天然橡胶的抗热氧老化得到改善。     

空间级加成型室温硫化硅橡胶粘结剂的研究

研究了一种新的空间级加成型室温硫化硅橡胶KH—SP—B ,它的特点在于具有低的热真空失重 ,在 12 5℃× 2 4h ,1× 10 - 10 MPa下的热真空失重可小于 0 .3% ;高的粘接强度 ,与金属及聚酰亚胺等的粘结强度可达到 2MPa以上 ;高的热稳定性能 ,分解温度可达 52 4℃ ;优异的低温性能 ,脆性温度为 - 114℃ ;良好的电性能 ,体积电阻率可达 1.3× 10 16 Ω·cm。是一种综合性能优良的空间级室温硫化硅橡胶。