Understanding high-density matter through analysis of surface spectral lines and burst oscillations from accreting neutron stars

We discuss millisecond period brightness oscillations and surface atomic spectral lines observed during type I X-ray bursts from a neutron star in a low mass X-ray binary system. We show that modeling of these phenomena can constrain models of the dense cold matter at the cores of neutron stars. We demonstrate that, even for a broad and asymmetric spectral line, the stellar radius-to-mass ratio can be inferred to better than 5%. We also fit our theoretical models to the burst oscillation data of the low mass X-ray binary XTE J1814-338, and find that the 90% confidence lower limit of the neutron star’s dimensionless radius-to-mass ratio is 4.2.     

C/C复合材料的纳米压痕实验及其性能分析

采用纳米压痕技术研究了不同石墨化温度和混合基体碳的C/C复合材料的性能。结果表明：石墨化温度为2 500 ℃的C/C复合材料的模量比石墨化温度为2 300 ℃的纳米压痕模量降低了10%;纳米压痕法测得热解碳、树脂碳和沥青碳混合基体的C/C复合材料中的树脂碳模量最高,热解碳的次之,沥青碳的最低;通过对纳米压痕载荷位移曲线进行非线性拟合,经过有限元计算最终得到C/C复合材料微观组元的表面断裂韧度为0.492 MPa?m^1/2。     

二维叠层C/SiC复合材料低能量冲击损伤实验

C/SiC复合材料是航空航天器中的耐高温材料,其服役环境存在低能量冲击源且关于此类冲击事件的研究相对较少。本文主要采用落锤冲击系统性地揭示2D叠层C/SiC复合材料平板的抗低速低能量冲击性能,通过改变冲击能量考核不同单层厚度和平板厚度的抗冲击性能变化,并利用CT技术进行冲击后无损检测,分析结构内部细观损伤。结果表明：冲击载荷下,C/SiC复合材料按冲击载荷变化可分为线性、屈服和回弹3个阶段;典型冲击损伤形式包含局部压溃、分层、纤维断裂及基体微裂纹;同等结构厚度,单层厚度越大C/SiC复合材料平板冲击变形和冲击损伤越小,冲击阻抗值越高;同等单层厚度下,结构总厚度较大的C/SiC复合材料平板冲击损伤较小,冲击阻抗较大。因此,C/SiC复合材料的预制体层数与结构厚度对低能量冲击源较为敏感,且减小单层厚度及增加结构总厚度可明显提高其抗冲击性能。     

基于3层B/S结构的月球资源数据库系统的设计与实现

基于3层B/S结构，采用Web技术，在Intranet环境下设计并开发了月球资源数据库系统，该系统实现了月球资源信息的管理，具有高效、使用方便，运行稳定可靠等特点，并具有良好的可扩充性和可维护性。     

热障涂层在线/离线磷光温度测量技术研究进展

精确测量涡轮叶片表面热障涂层温度对航空发动机和地面燃气轮机设计和研制具有极其重要的意义。近年来,基于热像磷光材料磷光特性的热障传感涂层在线测温技术与热历史磷光涂层离线测温技术得到了迅猛发展。前者通过在线测量高温下磷光信号来获取实时温度信息,后者通过离线测量经高温服役后的磷光材料不可逆磷光信号变化来获取服役温度信息。这两项技术都适用于高温、高腐蚀环境下热障涂层非干涉、非接触式和高精度温度测量,具有广阔的应用前景。从热障涂层在线/离线测温原理与方法、磷光材料与制备及应用3个方面详细介绍了热障涂层在线/离线测温技术的研究现状与技术特点,并对这两种技术的发展进行了展望。     

高能电弧等离子体激励控制双压缩拐角激波/边界层干扰实验研究

超声速/高超声速飞行器进气道入口处多采用多级压缩构型,其诱导的激波/边界层干扰严重影响进气道效率和飞行器的气动性能,因此对双压缩拐角激波/边界层干扰进行流动控制具有较强的应用背景。在来流速度为Ma=2.0的风洞内,针对三种典型的双压缩拐角构型,开展了高能流向脉冲电弧放电阵列调控双压缩拐角激波/边界层干扰的实验研究,并对激励流场的高速纹影图像进行了空间梯度阈值处理和均方根处理。结果显示,在激励的作用下两道分离激波的强度均减弱,验证了利用高能流向脉冲电弧放电阵列控制双压缩拐角激波/边界层干扰的可行性。在分析控制效果的基础上,获得了在不同构型拐角的流场中前驱冲击波列和控制气泡的演化规律,结合控制效果的时序特征,最终揭示了高能流向脉冲电弧放电阵列作用于双压缩拐角激波/边界层干扰的前驱控制和接续控制的接力控制机理。     

SiCf/SiC复合材料铣磨表面质量评价方法试验研究

SiCf/SiC复合材料是典型的非均质、各向异性材料,金属材料质量评价体系已不完全适用,亟需建立适宜的表面质量评价方法。结合超声振动辅助铣磨试验,对比铣磨表面二维粗糙度Ra和三维粗糙度Sa测量数据的稳定性,探索Sa测量区域大小对测量结果的影响规律,并结合宏观、微观及三维形貌对试验结果进行分析研究。基于铣磨表面较为明显的、表现形式为凹坑的区域面积比例,开展表面质量情况分析研究。结果表明：Sa更适宜作为SiCf/SiC复合材料铣磨表面粗糙度特征参数,且最小测量区域大小为7mm×7mm;基于表面粗糙度分析,结合宏观、微观和三维形貌可进一步评价铣磨表面质量;采用表面明显凹坑面积比,基本可以实现对表面质量影响较大区域的定量分析。     

大展弦比柔性机翼气动特性分析

长航时无人机在飞行过程中受气动载荷影响,其大展弦比机翼产生弯曲和扭转变形,这种弹性变形严重影响飞机的飞行性能和飞行安全,不能将此种飞机机翼当作传统的刚性机翼进行气动分析.针对一真实复合材料大展弦比前掠机翼,采用气动/结构一体化的分析方法,利用计算流体动力学(CFD)软件FLUENT和计算结构动力学(CSD)软件NASTRAN联合求解,研究了在不同载荷情况下大展弦比柔性机翼静气动弹性变形对机翼气动特性的影响.结果表明,大展弦比无人机机翼受载变形后升阻比降低,滚转力矩和偏航力矩显著增大,对飞机的纵向和横侧向气动性能产生不利影响,同时也证明此CFD/CSD耦合计算方法可以应用到柔性机翼的气动/结构一体化设计中.      

激光快速熔凝Al2O3/YAG共晶陶瓷的制备与组织

采用激光快速熔凝技术制备Al₂O₃/YAG共晶自生复合陶瓷, 研究Al₂O₃/YAG共晶陶瓷在高能激光束作用下,不同扫描速率(0.01~2.0mm/s)、超高温度梯度下的凝固组织特征及其生长机制,探索激光熔凝过程控制参数与凝固组织的关系.研究结果表明:激光熔凝Al₂O₃/YAG共晶陶瓷由无规则连续分布的Al₂O₃相和YAG相两相组成,没有晶界和其他相,Al₂O₃相的体积分数为(45.0±2.0)%,两相耦合生长,交错分布,是典型的快速凝固层片状非规则共晶组织;共晶层间距细密, 并随激光扫描速度的增大而减小,扫描速度为0.02mm/s 时,共晶间距约为1~2μm,扫描速度为2.0mm/s时,共晶间距仅为0.5μm左右;综合热分析表明,Al₂O₃/YAG共晶熔点为2096K,与相图吻合.     

Clusters of Galaxies: Setting the Stage

Clusters of galaxies are self-gravitating systems of mass ∼10¹⁴–10¹⁵ h ⁻¹ M_⊙ and size ∼1–3h ⁻¹ Mpc. Their mass budget consists of dark matter (∼80%, on average), hot diffuse intracluster plasma (≲20%) and a small fraction of stars, dust, and cold gas, mostly locked in galaxies. In most clusters, scaling relations between their properties, like mass, galaxy velocity dispersion, X-ray luminosity and temperature, testify that the cluster components are in approximate dynamical equilibrium within the cluster gravitational potential well. However, spatially inhomogeneous thermal and non-thermal emission of the intracluster medium (ICM), observed in some clusters in the X-ray and radio bands, and the kinematic and morphological segregation of galaxies are a signature of non-gravitational processes, ongoing cluster merging and interactions. Both the fraction of clusters with these features, and the correlation between the dynamical and morphological properties of irregular clusters and the surrounding large-scale structure increase with redshift. In the current bottom-up scenario for the formation of cosmic structure, where tiny fluctuations of the otherwise homogeneous primordial density field are amplified by gravity, clusters are the most massive nodes of the filamentary large-scale structure of the cosmic web and form by anisotropic and episodic accretion of mass, in agreement with most of the observational evidence. In this model of the universe dominated by cold dark matter, at the present time most baryons are expected to be in a diffuse component rather than in stars and galaxies; moreover, ∼50% of this diffuse component has temperature ∼0.01–1 keV and permeates the filamentary distribution of the dark matter. The temperature of this Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM) increases with the local density and its search in the outer regions of clusters and lower density regions has been the quest of much recent observational effort. Over the last thirty years, an impressive coherent picture of the formation and evolution of cosmic structures has emerged from the intense interplay between observations, theory and numerical experiments. Future efforts will continue to test whether this picture keeps being valid, needs corrections or suffers dramatic failures in its predictive power.