地球-火星之间的往返轨迹全局一体化优化设计

针对多因素影响的地球-火星之间的星际往返轨迹优化设计问题,基于多体动力学运动模型,采用静态参数+动态优化的组合算法,进行了全局一体化优化设计,得到最优往返飞行方案,包括探测器从地球出发到火星的最优4-D飞行轨迹、从火星返回地球的最优4-D轨迹,分别离开地球与火星的时间、与星体的相对速度差等。最优飞行方案达到了在火星上探测时间足够长,往返飞行时间最短,所耗发动机燃料最少等目的。该研究结果对未来我国星际(如地球-各行星之间)最优往返飞行有一定的参考价值。     

粗糙度对水滴飞溅特性的影响规律研究

为研究表面粗糙度对水滴撞击飞溅特性的影响,在不同温度、不同粗糙度表面条件下开展了水滴撞击飞溅动力学实验。实验通过高速摄像机,观察记录了水滴撞击不同粗糙度表面时,飞溅子液滴的直径、反射角度与速度等信息,由此分析了表面粗糙度对水滴飞溅特性的影响规律。研究结果表明:在一定撞击参数K范围,子液滴直径主要受粗糙度的影响,表面越粗糙,子液滴平均直径越大;粗糙度对子液滴法向和切向速度的影响呈现出相反的规律;子水滴无量纲角度与粗糙度St呈现正相关,尽管在St>0.1时,温度影响开始出现,但相比粗糙度仍然是小量。     

特种材料结构件精密车削研究

分别以残余应力、表面粗糙度、损伤层深度和抗拉性能为考核指标,采用正交实验法对特种材料结构件的精密车削工艺参数进行了综合优化,破解了以往生产过程中仅依靠经验选取加工参数的难题,为获得惯性级特种材料低应力精密加工技术、提高产品长期稳定性提供了一定的理论基础.     

粗糙表面轮廓谱的耦合性分析

双谱估计是分析随机信号的二次相位耦合、非线性、非对称性等特征的有效方法，但存在计算量庞大，估计精度较差，显示不够直观等缺点。本文提出了一种改进的对角线切片谱分析方法，并把它用于粗糙表面轮廓的非线性和耦合性特征分析。通过理论仿真研究和实验分析，结果表明这种方法简单、合理，而且有可能揭示加工过程中引起表面粗糙度间距和高度参数变化的原因。     

表面微观形貌的MOTIF参数计算

对MOTIF参数的基本概念、意义及算法作了介绍，并在精密加工试件上进行了实验。     

液氧/甲烷发动机推力室肋强化换热技术数值研究

为了提高液氧/甲烷发动机再生冷却通道中冷却剂的吸热效率,同时提高该区域的热防护能力,对带有4种不同肋结构的推力室进行了三维稳态耦合传热计算.分析结果表明,在推力室燃气侧壁面设置纵向肋之后,通过引入等效平均热流密度能够描述带肋发动机推力室壁面的实际换热特征.设置人工粗糙度能够使壁面温度降低85.4 K,但会使压降增大0....     

基于萤火虫算法的CFRP材料铣削刀具结构优化

为了提高CFRP零件的加工表面质量和刀具寿命,针对其铣削加工的刀具结构进行了优化。设计了刀具结构参数与CFRP材料铣削加工表面粗糙度、后刀面磨损量之间的正交试验。应用极差分析法分析了刀具结构参数对CFRP材料加工表面粗糙度、后刀面磨损量的影响规律,并应用多元线性回归法建立了刀具结构参数与表面粗糙度、后刀面磨损量之间的数学模型。基于此模型,采用FA萤火虫算法,优化了刀具的结构参数,并进行了实验验证。结果表明:在试验参数范围内,刀具结构参数对于CFRP工件铣削表面粗糙度的影响程度依次为:后角、螺旋角、前角。当刀具的后角、螺旋角和前角增大时,工件的表面粗糙度都呈减小趋势,但减小的快慢程度不同;刀具结构参数对于后刀面磨损影响程度依次为:后角、螺旋角、前角。当刀具后角增大时,后刀面磨损量迅速上升,当螺旋角增大时,后刀面磨损量减小,当刀具的前角增大时,后刀面磨损量先减小后增大。采用FA萤火虫算法优化后的刀具结构对CFRP材料进行铣削实验,实验结果值与建立的模型预测值误差较小,表面粗糙度的误差率为3%,刀具后刀面磨损量的误差率为7.6%。     

Slip boundary conditions for rough surfaces

The velocity slip and temperature jump for a two-dimensional rough plate under hypersonic conditions were analyzed using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. Surface roughness was explicitly modeled by introducing various structures on the flat plate. The influences of relative roughness height, which involves the roughness height, roughness spacing, incoming velocity, and the degree of rarefaction, were analyzed and discussed. It is found that with the increase of the relative roughness height, the jump temperature increases, while the slip velocity decreases gradually. The effects of surface roughness on the slip coefficients can be attributed to the change of accommodation coefficients. A new slip model for rough surfaces was established in this paper, which accounts for the coupling effects of gas rarefaction and surface roughness, without the effort to model the surface roughness explicitly. The nitrogen flows in the microchannel, and flows over a blunt cone and an axisymmetric bi-conic body, were simulated under the modified and conventional slip boundary conditions, respectively. The numerical solutions were validated with experimental data. It can be safely concluded that compared with the traditional first-order slip boundary conditions, the modified slip model improves the accuracy of macroscopic properties, especially the heat transfer coefficient.     

跑道路面描述的数学模型

跑道路面不平度y(s)的测量结果往往以数字序列{y_n}的形式给出。本文首先引入了ARMA模型分析方法,提出了路面不平离散序列{y_n}的频域与空间域模型。在离散模型的基础上,继而导出了路面不平y(s)的频域与空间域模型,这些模型不仅能很好地表征路面不平特性,而且便于对由路面不平产生的结构振动进行分析。     

Prediction of horizontal gas–solid flows under different gravitational fields

In this paper the performance of horizontal pneumatic conveying under different gravity environments is evaluated. An Euler–Lagrange approach validated versus ground experiments is employed to predict the relevant particle variables such as particle mass flux, mean conveying and fluctuating velocities in terrestrial, lunar and micro-gravity conditions. Gravity reduced computations predict a reduction in the global particle–wall collision frequency. Also, in the case of low wall roughness and small particle mass loading, reduction of gravity acceleration implies an increase of particle–wall collision frequency with the upper wall of the channel affecting greatly the particle mass flux profile. In the case of high wall roughness and/or high particle-to-fluid mass loading (i.e., around 1.0) particle conveying characteristics are similar in the three gravity conditions evaluated. This is due to the fact that both, wall roughness and inter-particle collisions reduce gravitational settling. However, the influence of gravity on the additional pressure loss along the channel due to the conveying of the particles is much reduced.