转子叶栅非同步振荡发声特性研究

轴流压气机转子叶片排振荡疲劳失效是常见的气动弹性失稳问题。当转子叶栅处于非同步振荡状态下时,压气机管道内部将伴随着异常噪声的产生,这类噪声的频率既不是分布在叶片通过频率及其谐波上,也不是分布在转子轴频率及其谐波上,同时也不满足简单多普勒效应。为了解释这种异常噪声现象,以三维升力面理论为基础,讨论叶片对其附近流体施加非定常载荷的发声问题,给出了转子叶栅振荡异常发声问题的物理解释,建立了声场频率及模态特性与转子声源特性的直接关系式,并给出了频率特性不同于叶片通过频率且不符合简单多普勒效应的完整解释。在此基础上,通过机理性实验研究证实了该模型的正确性。实验结果表明,理论预测声场的频率和周向模态特性与实验结果完全一致。     

Instantaneous BeiDou–GPS attitude determination: A performance analysis

The advent of modernized and new global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) has enhanced the availability of satellite based positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) solutions. Specifically, it increases redundancy and yields operational back-up or independence in case of failure or unavailability of one system. Among existing GNSS, the Chinese BeiDou system (BDS) is being developed and will consist of geostationary (GEO) satellites, inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) satellites, and medium-Earth-orbit (MEO) satellites. In this contribution, a BeiDou–GPS robustness analysis is carried out for instantaneous, unaided attitude determination.     

磁悬浮飞轮用新型异极性永磁偏置径向磁轴承

为满足应用于航天器姿控、储能的磁悬浮飞轮采用的扁平构型或高转速转子需求,提出了一种新型异极性永磁偏置径向磁轴承,具有轴向长度短、结构紧凑的优点,有利于扁平转子或高速转子的磁悬浮控制。在新型径向磁轴承磁路分析的基础上,通过应用于50 Nms反作用飞轮的设计实例,经仿真分析,校验了新型径向磁轴承的基本性能;并与传统同极性永磁偏置径向磁轴承进行了比较,验证了新型径向磁轴承的优点。     

宽粒径范围颗粒对气相膨胀的影响

利用双流体模型对固体火箭发动机喷管内气固两相流进行计算,研究了两相流中颗粒相与气相的相互作用,分析了颗粒粒径及颗粒质量分数对两相流中气相在喷管中膨胀的影响。结果表明,颗粒粒径造成两相流损失的大小是颗粒比表面积、气相湍流动能及颗粒在喷管内的滞留时间等因素共同作用的结果,两相流损失随着颗粒粒径的增大先增大、后减小,同时随着颗粒质量分数增大而增大;JPL喷管中粒径为2μm的颗粒造成的两相流损失最大,此粒径下,当颗粒质量分数从10％增大到40％时,两相流损失从10％增大到26％。     

An innovative navigation scheme of powered descent phase for Mars pinpoint landing

Pinpoint landing (within 100 m from the target) is essential for future Mars exploration missions. This paper deals with one aspect of the pinpoint landing architecture—the navigation performance improvement during the powered descent phase, and proposes an innovative navigation scheme to obtain the vehicle complete and accurate states. On the basis of dead reckoning relying on the Inertial Measurement Unit, measurements of the Integrated Doppler Radar are adopted to correct the vehicle velocity and altitude. Distance between the vehicle and one Mars Orbiter as well as their line-of-sight relative velocity is measured by a radio sensor, and integrated in the filter to correct the vehicle horizontal position. The innovative navigation system is based on an Extend Kalman Filter. Two observation schemes are developed. One considers measurements of the Integrated Doppler Radar and radio range measurement. Another further considers radio velocity measurement. The performance of the innovative navigation scheme is greatly influenced by the position of the Mars Orbiter with respect to the target. Stochastic analyses are performed to obtain optimal locations of Mars Orbiter. Finally, the innovative navigation scheme performances are assessed through stochastic simulations. Its performance improvements are demonstrated by comparison with the Integrated Doppler Radar only navigation scheme.     

重力测量卫星KBR系统相位中心在轨标定算法

针对低低跟踪(SST-LL)重力测量卫星K频段测距(KBR)系统相位中心在轨标定问题,提出了一种应用预测卡尔曼滤波算法的KBR系统在轨标定算法。首先,以磁力矩器和姿态控制喷气发动机为执行部件,对一颗卫星施加一定的组合力矩,使其绕另一颗卫星进行周期性姿态机动;然后,将星敏感器数据代入预测卡尔曼滤波算法中估计出卫星姿态;最后,根据KBR系统观测值与卫星姿态角之间的关系,利用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法估计出KBR系统相位中心的位置。数值仿真结果表明:KBR系统相位中心可以被实时估计,当存在较大的卫星姿态动力学模型误差时,KBR系统相位中心的标定误差仍在0.3mrad以内,证明此算法估计精度较高且鲁棒性强。     

Stability of the seasonal variations in diurnal and semidiurnal components of mid-latitude F2 layer parameters

We report work utilizing 15-min resolution ionospheric data obtained with DPS-4 digisonde in 2003–2011 to study the seasonal variations in amplitudes and phases of the most powerful spectral components of the F2 layer critical frequency (foF2) and peak height (hmF2) fluctuations over Irkutsk (52.5°N, 104.0°E). We show that fluctuations of both parameters contain quasi-harmonic components with periods of T_n = 24/n h (n = 1–7). The number of distinct spectral peaks varies from 3 in summer to 7 in winter. Amplitude and phase characteristics of the diurnal (n = 1) and semidiurnal (n = 2) components is studied using the data sets extracted from the original data sets with band-pass filter. It has been found that the amplitudes of diurnal/semidiurnal foF2 and diurnal hmF2 components are maximum in winter and minimum in summer. Amplitudes of the diurnal components vary gradually; those of the foF2 semidiurnal one, abruptly, thus forming a narrow winter maximum in November–January. The phase (local time of maximum) of the diurnal foF2 component increases gradually by 4–6 h from winter to summer. The phase of the semidiurnal foF2 component is nearly stable in winter/summer and sharply decreases (increases) by 2–3 h near the spring (autumn) equinox. The phase of the diurnal component of hmF2 (local time of minimum) varies slightly between 1130 and 1300 LT; that of the semidiurnal one decreases (increases) by 4–6 h from January to March (from September to November). The results obtained show that the main features of seasonal variations in the diurnal and semidiurnal components of the mid-latitude F2 layer parameters recur consistently during the solar activity growth and decline phases.     

载波相位辅助的GPS动态单点定位算法综述

对载波相位辅助条件下应用于全球定位系统（Global Positioning System,GPS）动态单点定位的各种算法进行了综合分析与比较。首先简要介绍定位算法中的基本公式与观测模型;然后分别对周跳修复与滤波解算两部分所应用的各种算法进行详细介绍并比较其性能与适用范围;最后对尚待解决的问题及可能的发展方向进行了总结。     

液态水相变发散冷却的实验

以液态水为冷却介质,采用高温合金粉末烧结多孔材料制造平板实验件,实验研究了具有液态水相变的发散冷却特性.用远红外热像系统记录实验平板热端表面温度分布,通过热电偶及压力传感器监控冷却腔内温度和压力变化,从而分析液态水的相变过程.实验表明:随着液态水注入率的增大,平均冷却效率不断提高;当液态水在暴露于高温主流的平板表面发生气液相变时,平均冷却效率趋于稳定且不再大幅上升;主流温度与液态水注入率决定了液态水的相变位置,并对冷却腔内压力变化产生影响.      

悬停状态下小型共轴直升机操纵响应特性分析

从在研共轴双旋翼直升机的工程实际出发,建立了悬停状态下旋翼非定常气动特性的计算模型.引入Leishman-Beddoes指数函数的半经验公式,建立了二维翼型非定常气动模型;引入干扰因子到动态入流模型,建立了反映共轴双旋翼直升机上下旋翼气动干扰的诱导速度模型;从桨叶的挥舞动力学模型出发,利用四阶Runge-Kutta算法求解桨叶刚性挥舞角的数值解.通过计算分析,得到了悬停状态,总距突增时上下旋翼升力和扭矩的动态响应特性,并分析比较了半差动和全差动航向控制方式的操纵响应差别,为共轴式直升机机动特性的研究作了必要的准备.