电液主动控制挤压油膜阻尼器的理论分析

针对旋转机械采用传统的动压轴承构成的挤压油膜阻尼器存在的问题,提出了一种由压电晶体-电液主动控制的动静压混合轴承构成的电液挤压油膜阻尼器(HSFD).对于这种电液挤压油膜阻尼器, 经典的半油膜(π油膜)假设不再成立. 为了求解它的压力分布, 提出了一种适用于含有动静压混合作用时Reynolds方程的求解方法. 在此基础上, 对采用这种电液挤压油膜阻尼器的转子系统进行了理论分析, 从而为实现主动控制奠定了基础.      

重型燃气轮机压气机第一级转子叶片断裂分析

为了明确某燃气轮机压气机第1级转子叶片在工作过程中断裂失效的性质和产生原因,通过外观检查、断口分析、表面检查、成分分析、组织检查、硬度测试和强度计算等手段进行分析。结果表明:故障叶片为疲劳断裂;在工作过程中叶尖与机匣处理环异常碰摩,使叶片承受非正常冲击载荷是导致故障叶片产生疲劳裂纹的主要原因;榫齿出现微动磨损及其未进行喷丸强化对裂纹萌生起促进作用。提出了对叶片榫齿工作面进行喷丸表面强化,控制合理的叶片与机匣处理环之间的间隙的改进建议,避免类似故障发生。     

航空发动机转子盘腔积油振动故障分析

结合工程中航空发动机转子在试验中遇到的积油振动问题,从积油振动理论、动力学特性和振动信号分析方面展开研究,剖析了转子盘腔积液故障机理,获得了所引起转子失稳振动的特征及规律,建立了盘腔积油故障识别的流程和准则,以及其振动监控指导。研究表明:积油在转子临界转速以上的特定区域才会产生明显的次谐波振动,引起转子自激振动,自激振动频率与转子1阶临界转速接近;在临界转速以下,仍以转频振动为主,且积油会导致过临界转速峰值增大;上述故障识别的流程和准则应用在某发动机试验件转子,准确地识别出盘腔积油特征,验证本文研究结论的正确性。      

自转旋翼机飞行性能理论建模技术

为研究自转旋翼机的飞行性能理论建模技术,基于基本分析法和配平分析法,对自转旋翼机整机需用功率的建模方法进行了研究,并研究了自转旋翼机的桨盘迎角特性、升阻特性以及自转旋翼桨叶剖面迎角分布特性等。研究表明:建立的基本分析法和配平分析法计算模型均可以准确计算自转旋翼机的整机需用功率和自转旋翼桨盘迎角,两种方法均可用于自转旋翼机飞行性能的分析;小速度时整机需用功率主要来自于自转旋翼功率,大速度时机身废阻功率成为整机需用功率的主要来源;适当增加总距可以提高自转旋翼和整机的升阻比;在自转旋翼设计时可以对桨叶剖面翼型的展向分布进行优化,在桨根处优先采用相对不易失速的翼型以推迟失速对最大飞行速度的限制。     

翼身融合布局民机非圆截面机身结构设计研究综述

翼身融合布局飞机具有大升阻比、低阻力、低噪声等优点,是未来民机最具潜力的发展方向之一;但由于特殊布局所采用的非圆截面增压机身,给翼身融合布局民机结构设计带来了巨大挑战。为了降低非圆截面机身承受增压载荷时产生的高弯曲应力、提高机身结构稳定性及承载效率,翼身融合民机机身结构设计先后经历了圆柱组合式多舱室机身、双蒙皮多舱室机身、带加强支撑的盒式机身、基于拉挤杆缝合高效一体化结构（Pultruded Rod Stitched Efficient Unitized Structure,PRSEUS）的盒式中央机体等发展阶段,其中最具承载优势和可实现性的是由美国国家航空航天局NASA和波音公司共同提出的基于PRSEUS盒式中央机体结构设计方案。PRSEUS结构不仅充分利用了复合材料一体化缝合、整体共固化、低成本等制造优势,而且具有抗拉伸/压缩、多路径止损/止裂、刚度和稳定性裕度大、承载效率高、易金属修补等优异的力学特性,已被拓展应用到了翼身融合民机机翼等结构设计中。本文以非圆截面机身结构设计为重点,回顾了翼身融合民机结构设计发展历程;从整机身结构、关键部件结构、整机优化设计等方面详细阐述了翼身融合民机结构设计的研究进展与发展现状,基于国外相关技术研究发展趋势,提出了中国翼身融合民机机身结构设计研究未来需要重点关注的方向。     

Design and experimental study of a new flapping wing rotor micro aerial vehicle

A three-wing Flapping Wing Rotor Micro Aerial Vehicle (FWR-MAV) which can perform controlled flight is introduced and an experimental study on this vehicle is presented. A mechanically driven flapping rotary mechanism is designed to drive the three flapping wings and generate lift, and control mechanisms are designed to control the pose of the FWR-MAV. A flight control board for attitude control with robust onboard attitude estimation and a control algorithm is also developed to perform stable hovering flight and forward flight. A series of flight tests was conducted, with hovering flight and forward flight tests performed to optimize the control parameters and assess the performance of the FWR-MAV. The hovering flight test shows the ability of the FWR-MAV to counteract the moment generated by rotary motion and maintain the attitude of the FWR-MAV in space; the experiment of forward flight shows that the FWR-MAV can track the desired attitude.     

A multi-constraints based pose coordination model for large volume components assembly

In the assembly process of large volume product, engineering constraints limit the relative pose of components and serve as a standard for judging assembly quality. However, in the traditional process of target pose estimation, a general method is needed for establishing the correlation between engineering constraints and product pose, and it is difficult to evaluate pose by constraints comprehensively. Therefore, the process of target pose estimation and evaluation is separated. In this paper, a pose coordination model based on multi-constraints is proposed, which includes pre-processing, pose estimation, pose adjustment and evaluation. Firstly, engineering constraints are decoupled into 4 types of Minimum Geometrical Reference Constraints (MGRC), and the inequalities for solving target pose are formulated. Then the Constraint Coordination Index (CCI) is defined as the optimization objective to solve the target pose. Finally, with CCI as the numerical index, the target pose is evaluated to illustrate the quality of assembly. Taking the simulation experiment of wing-fuselage jointing as an example, the external and internal parameters of model are analyzed, and the pose estimation based on multi-constraints reduces the CCI by 12%, compared with the point-set-registration method.     

Highly efficient computation method for hazard quantification of uncontained rotor failure

Uncontained Engine Rotor Failure (UERF) can cause a catastrophic failure of an aircraft, and the quantitative assessment of the hazards related to UERF is a very important part of safety analysis. However, the procedure for hazard quantification of UERF recommended by the Federal Aviation Administration in advisory circular AC20-128A is cumbersome, as it involves building auxiliary lines and curve projections. To improve the efficiency and general applicability of the risk angle calculation, a boundary discretization method is developed that involves discretizing the geometry of the target part/structure into node points and calculating the risk angles numerically by iterating a particular algorithm over each node point. The improved efficiency and excellent accuracy for the developed algorithm was validated through a comparison with manual solutions for the hazard quantification of the engine nacelle structures of a passenger aircraft using the guidance in AC20-128A. To further demonstrate the applicability of the boundary discretization method, the proposed algorithm was used to examine the influence of the target size and the distance between the target and rotor on the hazard probability.     

Flight dynamics characteristics of canard rotor/wing aircraft in helicopter flight mode

The aerodynamic layout of the Canard Rotor/Wing(CRW) aircraft in helicopter flight mode differs significantly from that of conventional helicopters. In order to study the flight dynamics characteristics of CRW aircraft in helicopter mode, first, the aerodynamic model of the main rotor system is established based on the blade element theory and wind tunnel test results. The aerodynamic forces and moments of the canard wing, horizontal tail, vertical tail and fuselage are obtained via theoretical analysis and empirical formula. The flight dynamics model of the CRW aircraft in helicopter mode is developed and validated by flight test data. Next, a method of model trimming using an optimization algorithm is proposed. The flight dynamics characteristics of the CRW are investigated by the method of linearized small perturbations via Simulink. The trim results are consistent with the conventional helicopter characteristics, and the results show that with increasing forward flight speed, the canard wing and horizontal tail can provide considerable lift,which reflects the unique characteristics of the CRW aircraft. Finally, mode analysis is implemented for the linearized CRW in helicopter mode. The results demonstrate that the stability of majority modes increases with increasing flight speed. However, one mode that diverges monotonously,and the reason is that the CRW helicopter mode has a large vertical tail compared to the conventional helicopter. The results of the dynamic analysis provide optimization guidance and reference for the overall design of the CRW aircraft in helicopter mode, and the model developed can be used for control system design.     

高低轨双星时频模糊雷达信号的频差估计算法

针对高低轨双星定位系统中，雷达信号定位参数估计结果同时存在时差与频差模糊的问题，分析了相参脉冲串信号的模糊特性；利用粗略配对的脉冲串获得到达时间差序列，避免了对时域高度密集的脉冲进行配对的难题；在此基础上，提出了对时差序列进行中心差分计算频差粗估值实现频差模糊消除的方法；推导得出了频差粗值误差随着辐射源载频的增加、脉冲到达时间测量误差的增大、时差差分间隔的减小而增大的结论。仿真结果表明，频差粗值误差与理论值一致；通过设置合理的差分间隔，得到无模糊的频差粗值以后，频差精估精度逼近CRLB。新算法便于工程实现，对长基线定位系统中雷达信号的频差估计具有一定参考价值。