蜂窝式轴心通风器油气分离性能计算

为对航空发动机蜂窝式轴心通风器油气分离效率进行研究,建立考虑油气双向耦合的流场计算方法及油滴/壁面相互作用模型,在验证通风阻力及油气分离效率可靠性的基础上,对不同转速、通风流量和环境温度下蜂窝式轴心通风器的油气分离效果进行计算和分析.结果表明:转速的增加会使油气分离效率得到提升,而通风流量和环境温度的增加则导致油气分离效率的降低.蜂窝孔结构的加入对通风阻力影响不大,却对通风器的滑油分离过程起主要作用,计算表明其对滑油分离贡献率在80%以上.      

Effect of blade tip winglet on the performance of a highly loaded transonic compressor rotor

The tip leakage flow has an important influence on the performance of transonic com-pressor. Blade tip winglet has been proved to be an effective method to control the tip leakage flow in compressor, while the physical mechanisms of blade tip winglet have been poorly understood. A numerical study for a highly loaded transonic compressor rotor has been conducted to understand the effect of varying the location of blade tip winglet on the performance of the rotor. Two kinds of tip winglet were designed and investigated. The effects of blade tip winglet on the compressor over-all performance, stability and tip flow structure were presented and discussed. It is found that the interaction of the tip winglet with the flow in the tip region is different when the winglet is located at suction-side or pressure-side of the blade tip. Results indicate that the suction-side winglet (SW) is ineffective to improve the performance of compressor rotor. In addition, a significant stall range extension equivalent to 33.74% with a very small penalty in efficiency can be obtained by the pressure-side winglet (PW). An attempt has been made to explain the fundamental mechanisms of blade tip winglet in detail.     

Flapping wing micro-aerial-vehicle:Kinematics,membranes, and flapping mechanisms of ornithopter and insect flight

The application of biomimetics in the development of unmanned-aerial-vehicles (UAV) has advanced to an exceptionally small scale of nano-aerial-vehicles (NAV), which has surpassed its immediate predecessor of micro-aerial-vehicles (MAV), leaving a vast range of development possi-bilities that MAVs have to offer. Because of the prompt advancement into the NAV research devel-opment, the true potential and challenges presented by MAV development were never solved, understood, and truly uncovered, especially under the influence of transition and low Reynolds number flow characteristics. This paper reviews a part of previous MAV research developments which are deemed important of notification; kinematics, membranes, and flapping mechanisms ranges from small birds to big insects, which resides within the transition and low Reynolds number regimes. This paper also reviews the possibility of applying a piezoelectric transmission used to pro-duce NAV flapping wing motion and mounted on a MAV, replacing the conventional motorized flapping wing transmission. Findings suggest that limited work has been done for MAVs matching these criteria. The preferred research approach has seen bias towards numerical analysis as com-pared to experimental analysis.     

Dynamic modeling and analysis of vortex filament motion using a novel curve-fitting method

Applications of a novel curve-fitting technique are presented to efficiently predict the motion of the vortex filament, which is trailed from a rigid body such as wings and rotors. The governing equations of the motion, when a Lagrangian approach with the present curve-fitting method is applied, can be transformed into an easily solvable form of the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The applicability of Be′zier curves, B-spline, and Lagrange interpolating polynomials is investigated. Local Lagrange interpolating polynomials with a shift operator are proposed as the best selection for applications, since it provides superior system characteristics with minimum computing time, compared to other methods. In addition, the Gauss quadrature formula with local refinement strategy has been developed for an accurate prediction of the induced velocity computed with the line integration of the Biot–Savart law. Rotary-wing problems including a vortex ring problem are analyzed to show the efficiency, accuracy, and flexibility in the applications of the proposed method.     

Al/Ni含能多层膜在Al2O3陶瓷/不锈钢焊接中的应用

采用磁控溅射设备,生长AuSn合金做焊料层、Al/Ni含能多层膜做热量提供层,实现了不锈钢和Al_2O_3间的异质材料自蔓延高温扩散焊。利用SEM、XRD和DSC等测试手段表征AuSn合金和Al/Ni含能多层膜的微观形貌、相成分和放热量;用万能试验机测试焊接接头的力学性能。结果表明,AuSn合金的质量比基本达到80∶20,而多层膜的层状结构清晰,反应热达到1 239 J/g。焊接实验结果表明,仅使用AuSn焊料时,剪切强度仅为46 MPa,在增加Al/Ni含能多层膜后,其剪切强度可达90 MPa,强度提高了约一倍。焊接接头的界面显微形貌和相结构研究表明,剪切强度的增强主要是Al/Ni多层膜提供了额外能量使得界面处的反应剧烈,陶瓷金属化层与中间层的反应加剧,形成了新的反应生成物。     

展向振荡对激波/湍流边界层干扰的影响

周期振荡作为一种有效的壁面流动控制手段受到广泛关注,而其对激波/湍流边界层干扰的影响目前鲜有研究。本文采用高精度直接数值模拟（DNS）方法对马赫数2.9、12°激波入射角、强振荡下的激波/湍流边界层干扰进行了系统研究。通过与无振荡工况的定量比较,揭示了展向强振荡对干扰区内复杂流动结构的影响规律及作用机制,如分离泡尺度、物面压力脉动非定常特性、物面剪切的非定常特性及统计特征等。研究发现：在展向强振荡作用下,分离点位置提前,间歇区长度增大;同时由于分离泡内强黏性耗散的影响,展向振荡的穿透高度约为分离泡高度的4%,因而对流动结构不会产生实质影响。但展向强振荡会对壁面附近流动造成显著影响,如强振荡诱导的壁面展向速度远大于流向速度,造成流向剪切与展向剪切之间夹角的概率密度函数峰值从0°偏移到80°~90°之间。物面压力及剪切本征正交分解分析表明,展向振荡会导致模态能量从低阶模态向高阶模态转移,降低低频运动的能量占比,增强再附后Görtler涡等壁面附近旋涡结构的强度。     

流场可压缩性对涡相互作用影响的数值研究

涡相互作用作为冲压发动机喷注装置的典型抽象流动现象,研究其可压缩性影响对于认识包含化学反应的真实燃料喷射场具有一定基础理论价值。基于经过数值验证的可压缩Navier-Stokes算法与压力泊松方程初始条件设置方法研究流场可压缩性对涡相互作用演化过程的影响。结果表明,以较高涡旋马赫数表征的可压缩性在改变涡对形态的同时,具有延缓涡旋相互靠近,迟滞融合进程的作用。关于涡对系统开始融合的临界条件,可压缩相互作用开始的临界展弦比与无量纲时间相比于低速涡对明显提高。为在无量纲时间意义下统一不同马赫数涡对相互作用的进程,从涡心密度随时间变化规律出发在不可压涡对特征时间的基础上,初步构建了考虑可压缩性的时间尺度修正关系。     

超声速膨胀角入射激波/湍流边界层干扰直接数值模拟

为了揭示膨胀效应对激波/湍流边界层干扰区内复杂流动现象的影响规律,采用直接数值模拟方法对来流马赫数2.9、30°激波角的入射激波与10°膨胀角湍流边界层相互作用问题进行了数值研究。系统地探讨了激波入射点分别位于膨胀角上游、膨胀角角点和膨胀角下游3种工况下膨胀角干扰区内若干基本流动现象,如分离泡、物面压力脉动及激波非定常运动、湍流边界层统计特性和相干结构动力学过程等。结果表明,激波入射点流向位置改变对分离区流向和法向尺度的影响显著,尤其是当激波入射点位于角点及其下游区域。研究发现,膨胀角干扰区内物面压力脉动强度急剧减小,分离区内压力波向下游传播速度将降低而在膨胀区内将升高,膨胀效应极大地抑制了分离激波的低频振荡运动。相较于入射激波与平板湍流边界层干扰,入射激波流向位置改变对膨胀角再附区速度剖面对数区及尾迹区影响显著,将导致其内层结构参数升高而外层降低,近壁区内将呈现远离一组元湍流状态的趋势。此外,流向速度脉动场本征正交分解分析指出,主模态空间结构集中在分离激波及剪切层根部附近而高阶模态以边界层内小尺度正负交替脉动结构为主。低阶重构流场结果表明,前者对应为分离泡低频膨胀/收缩过程而后者表征为分离泡高频脉动。     

膨胀效应对激波/湍流边界层干扰的影响

采用直接数值模拟方法对来流马赫数2.9,30°激波角的入射激波与膨胀角湍流边界层干扰问题进行了数值研究。入射激波在壁面上的名义入射点固定在膨胀角角点,膨胀角角度分别取为0°、2°、5°和10°。通过改变膨胀角角度,考察了膨胀效应对干扰区内复杂流动现象的影响规律和作用机制,如分离泡、物面压力脉动特性、膨胀区湍流边界层和物面剪切应力脉动场等。研究发现,膨胀角角度的增大使得分离区流向长度和法向高度急剧降低,尤其是在强膨胀效应下分离泡形态呈现整体往下游偏移的双峰结构。物面压力脉动功率谱结果表明,膨胀角为2°和5°时,分离激波的非定常运动仍表征为大尺度低频振荡,而膨胀角为10°,强膨胀效应极大地抑制了分离激波的低频振荡,加速了下游再附边界层物面压力脉动的恢复过程。膨胀区湍流边界层雷诺剪切应力各象限事件贡献和出现概率呈现逐步恢复到上游湍流边界层的趋势,Görtler-like流向涡结构展向和法向尺度变化剧烈,同时在近壁区将诱导生成大量小尺度流向涡。此外,物面剪切应力脉动场的本征正交分解分析指出,膨胀效应的影响体现在低阶模态能量的急剧降低从而使得高阶模态的总体贡献相对升高。     

基于RANS/LES混合方法的分离流动模拟

飞行器在大迎角、快速俯仰机动时,流场中含有大尺度、非定常的涡结构,传统雷诺平均Navier-Stokes （RANS）模型不能准确模拟流场结构,根据国际上相关研究的发展趋势,需要采用混合RANS/大涡模拟（LES）模型来对复杂分离流动进行准确模拟。本文对基于分区混合与湍流尺度混合的双重RANS/LES混合计算模型进行发展与应用。通过典型简化模型的静、动态湍流大分离流动,测试和验证所采用的脱体涡模拟（DES）类方法,重点研究改进的延迟DES （IDDES）模型在动态问题应用中的正确性和有效性,并对所采用的数值模拟方法和相应的计算软件的可靠性、鲁棒性以及精度进行了考核验证。典型算例包括超声速圆柱底部流动、跨声速方腔流动、NACA0015机翼深失速分离涡模拟等。计算表明：发展的IDDES类混合计算模型可有效解决对数层不匹配的问题;对于定态非定常分离流动,DES、DDES、IDDES等模型计算结果差别不大,随着流动的非定常特性增强,IDDES模型的优势逐渐显现;对于动态非定常分离流动,则需要采用IDDES类模型。