采用综合气弹分析方法的旋翼非定常气动载荷计算

提出一种桨叶结构、气动和惯性耦合的旋翼系统综合分析方法，将桨叶绕挥舞、摆振及变距铰的刚性转角作为广义坐标，计入了桨叶整体运动和自身中等弹性变形之间的动力学耦合效应，桨叶弹性变量通过有限元法进行离散，翼型剖面气动力采用Leishman—Beddoes二维非定常和动态失速模型，由自由尾迹模型得出桨盘的非均匀入流，依据柔性多体系统动力学方法推早出桨叶前飞状态下的非线性周期时变动力学方程。对Newmark隐式数值积分方法进行改进，用于求解旋翼桨叶的响应。以法国SA349／2小羚羊直升机的试飞测试数据为依据，验证了方法的有效性。     

叶轮机转子叶排非定常旋涡脱落频谱特性研究新方法

在研究叶轮机械转动部件非定常旋涡脱落频谱特性时,难以避免会遇到旋转坐标系向绝对坐标系转换的问题.笔者通过理论推导,得出了坐标转换情况下各个旋转模态的变化规律,总结出两大判读频谱特性的判据.据此判据对动态实验测量结果进行了分析,准确地捕捉到了转子叶排非定常旋涡脱落的典型特征频率.而对后期的PIV流动显形实验结果进行分析时,又进一步验证了理论推导以及实验测量所得结论的正确性.笔者提出的实验分析方法可有效地确定非定常旋涡脱落的特征频率,为实现非定常流动控制以及轴流压气机非定常耦合流型提供重要的依据.     

An improved prediction model for corner stall in axial compressors with dihedral effect

Corner stall predictions are important and difficult in axial compressors. However, all of the prediction models have proved to be ineffective for advanced compressor blades, which tend to use the combined sweep and dihedral. As for the prediction parameter DL, although it effectively modeled the effects of the adverse pressure gradient and secondary flow, it failed to predict the corner stall of curved blades because the model failed to consider the intersection of the boundary layer at the corner region. In this paper, the shape factor gradient Ψ of the boundary layer at the corner region was investigated by numerically studying specially shaped expansion pipes under different adverse pressure gradients. The improved prediction parameter DJ was presented based on the model of Ψ and the circumferential pressure gradient ξ. A comparison of the critical range of the prediction parameters DL and DJ was investigated using the NACA65 cascade database, which was established by a numerical method. Then, the stall criterion was validated according to the experimental results of various test facilities with different blade geometries and experimental conditions. The results show that the improved prediction parameter is able to predict the corner separation/stall flows and is in good agreement with the experimental results for axial compressors with three-dimensional designed blades.     

A methodology for simulating 2D shock-induced dynamic stall at flight test-based fluctuating freestream

A comprehensive methodology for simulating 2 D dynamic stall at fluctuating freestream is proposed in this paper.2 D CFD simulation of a SC1095 airfoil exposed to a fluctuating freestream of Mach number 0.537 ± 0.205 and Reynolds number 6.1 × 10~6(based on the mean Mach number) and undergoing a 10° ± 10° pitch oscillation with a frequency of 4.25 Hz was conducted.These conditions were selected to be representative of the flow experienced by a helicopter rotor airfoil section in a real-life fast forward flight.Both constant freestream dynamic stall as well as fluctuating freestream dynamic stall simulations were conducted and compared.The methodology was carefully validated with experimental data for both transonic flow and dynamic stall under fluctuating freestream.Overall, the results suggest that the fluctuating freestream alters the dynamic stall mechanism documented for constant freestream in a major way, emphasizing that inclusion of this effect in the prediction of dynamic stall related rotor loads is imperative for rotor performance analysis and blades design.     

Impact of reduced frequency on the time lag in pressure distribution over a supercritical airfoil in a pitch-pause-return motion

Effects of reduced frequency, stop angle, and pause duration have been studied on a thin supercritical airfoil undergoing a pitch-pause-return motion, which is one of the classic maneuvers introduced by the AIAA Fluid Dynamics Technical Committee. Experiments were conducted in a low-speed wind tunnel at both a constant mean angle of attack and an oscillation amplitude with a reduced frequency ranging from 0.01 to 0.12. The desired stop angles of the airfoil were set to occur during the upstroke motion. The unsteady pressure distribution on the airfoil was measured for below, near, and beyond static stall conditions. Results showed that the reduced frequency and stop angle were the dominant contributors to the time lag in the flowfield. For stop angles in both below- and post-stall regions, the time for the flowfield to reach its steady state conditions, known as the time lag, decreased as the reduced frequency was increased. However, in the static-stall region and for a certain value of reduced frequency, a resonance phenomenon was observed, and a minimum time lag was achieved. The pressure distribution in this condition was shown to be highly influenced by this phenomenon.     

逼近无控旋转目标航天器的混合势函数安全制导

研究了追踪航天器逼近无控旋转目标航天器的安全制导问题，逼近过程中，追踪航天器需要躲避空间中的障碍物，同时需要避免与目标航天器的太阳能电池帆板和天线等附件发生碰撞。建立了视线坐标系下的两航天器间的相对运动方程，采用四元数描述目标航天器的姿态运动。将参考位置设为引力源，设计了吸引势函数。针对安全逼近问题，建立了球面安全区和锥面安全走廊，设计了安全势函数。将障碍物假设为具有一定半径的球体，设计了障碍物势函数。吸引势函数、安全势函数和障碍物势函数一起组成了混合势函数。为了解决整个势场中除参考位置外还可能存在其他局部极小点问题，对混合势函数进行了修正，保证参考位置位于混合势函数的最低点。利用Lyapunov稳定性理论对混合势函数进行了稳定性分析，推得符合要求的控制加速度，使追踪航天器沿着混合势函数的负梯度方向逼近无控旋转目标航天器。最后通过数值仿真验证了该方法的有效性。     

Influence of SPS casing treatment on axial flow compressor subjected to radial pressure distortion

The present work is about the stall margin enhancement ability of a kind of stall precursor-suppressed (SPS) casing treatment when fan/compressor suffers from a radial total pres-sure inlet distortion. Experimental researches are conducted on a low-speed compressor with and without SPS casing treatment under radial distorted inlet flow of different levels as well as uniform inlet flow. The distorted flow fields of different levels are generated by annular distortion flow gen-erators of different heights. The characteristic curves under these conditions are measured and ana-lyzed. The results show that the radial inlet distortion could cause a stall margin loss from 2% to 30% under different distorted levels. The SPS casing treatment could remedy this stall margin loss under small distortion level and only partly make up the stall margin loss caused by distortion in large level without leading to perceptible additional efficiency loss and obvious change of charac-teristic curves. The pre-stall behavior of the compressor is investigated to reveal the mechanism of this stall margin improvement ability of the SPS casing treatment. The results do show that this casing treatment delays the occurrence of rotating stall by weakening the pressure perturbations and suppressing the nonlinear amplification of the stall precursor waves in the compression system.     

低速轴流压气机进口总压畸变与旋转失速关联的实验研究

在低速三级轴流压气机实验台上自行设计了进口总压畸变发生装置, 构造了稳态和动态测量方案, 并对实验数据进行了详尽分析.着重研究了进口总压畸变对压气机特性及失速过程的影响.结果表明, 压气机失速点不仅与畸变强度有关, 而且与畸变方位也相互关联;适当进口总压畸变会诱发压气机在失速前产生大尺度扰动, 但没有对失速频率构成影响.      

薄翼失速翼型前缘分离泡对失速特性的影响

DES方法结合了RANS(Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes)和LES(Large Eddy Simulation approaches)的优点。在近壁面它体现为RANS模型的特点而在远离物面处又起到LES的亚格子模型的特性。论文应用DES(Detached-EddySimulation)方法讨论了影响薄翼失速的分离泡对翼型的升力特性影响。     

压气机旋转不稳定性的研究进展

在压气机运行过程中,旋转不稳定是一种常见的流动不稳定现象.研究旋转不稳定性对保障压气机安全高效工作具有重要意义.首先回顾了旋转不稳定性研究的发展历程,从概念特征、产生机制和影响因素等方面进行了介绍.从现有的研究情况来看,旋转不稳定性与叶顶泄漏流有关的动力学模式或者与剪切层不稳定性有关.随后,梳理了旋转不稳定性的若干研究...