一种应用于着陆支撑系统中的锁紧机构设计与仿真

垂直起降运载器着陆过程是一种对支撑机构的结构强度、锁紧机构可靠性、缓冲器吸能特性要求极高的复杂瞬态碰撞吸能过程。针对现有着陆支撑机构构型单一等问题,提出一种全新的着陆支撑机构构型,并对该锁紧机构进行结构设计。由于支撑机构在展开过程中受到重力、空气阻力等多种环境力的作用,导致锁紧连杆相对速度在有限范围内变化。通过建立锁紧机构中移动构件力学方程并计算得到合理驱动弹簧参数,而后将锁紧相对速度作为输入变量,通过ADAMS建立虚拟样机模型完成工况模拟,并分析不同驱动弹簧参数对锁定可行性的影响,为锁紧机构可靠锁定提供技术支持。     

共轴刚性旋翼桨毂减阻优化设计方法

针对共轴刚性旋翼桨毂阻力全机占比较大的特征,开展桨毂减阻优化设计方法研究。首先分析了共轴刚性旋翼桨毂外形特点,确定减阻整流罩基本型式,建立了减阻整流罩参数化模型。分析了整流罩参数对桨毂阻力的影响,进行参数样本选取。在此基础上建立代理模型,采用优化算法求解代理模型进行参数优化设计,最终建立了适用于共轴刚性旋翼桨毂的减阻优化设计方法。通过计算流体力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)计算结果、试验结果以及优化结果对比验证,结果相差小于2%,说明了建立的共轴刚性旋翼桨毂减阻优化设计方法有效、可信。     

分离式共轴刚性旋翼风洞试验技术研究

为在■3.2 m风洞开展高速直升机共轴刚性旋翼风洞试验,中国空气动力研究与发展中心(China Aerodynamic Research and Development Center,CARDC)开展了分离式共轴刚性旋翼风洞试验关键技术研究。解决了双旋翼共轴反向驱动、双旋翼联动和差动变距操纵、旋翼气动力分离测量、旋翼间距调整等关键技术问题,研制了■2 m直径共轴刚性旋翼试验台和旋翼天平、旋翼操纵系统,实现了旋翼共轴等速反向旋转、双旋翼联动和差动变距操纵、旋翼升力偏置调整、旋翼气动力孤立测量、旋翼间距调整等功能。通过开展风洞试验,验证了该试验技术,表明试验技术具有技术成熟度高、数据重复性精度高、可调节参数多的优点。     

锯齿形转捩片触发高超声速进气道边界层转捩的大涡模拟

为促进锯齿形转捩片在高超声速进气道中的应用,以地面风洞条件下的二元进气道为研究对象,采用高精度大涡模拟方法对锯齿形转捩片在三级压缩楔面上触发的边界层转捩现象开展了研究。数值方法基于隐式亚格子模型,空间离散采用高精度通量限制型紧致格式,时间推进采用显式Runge-Kutta方法。数值模拟清晰捕捉到了边界层转捩的空间发展演化过程,并获得了统计平均流场以及流场脉动特征。数值模拟结果表明转捩片能够有效触发进气道压缩面边界层转捩;通过与等熵压缩面及单楔面数值模拟结果的对比分析,获得了转捩片触发边界层转捩的内在机理,为后续研究工作奠定了基础。     

火箭发动机出口参数对喷焰流动及辐射的影响

基于详细化学反应机理+逐线积分法+视在光线法开展了火箭发动机喷焰流动与辐射特性研究,分析了不同化学反应机理对流动与辐射的影响,利用地面试验数据校验了模型的正确性,并详细分析了火箭发动机出口参数变化对喷焰流动及辐射的影响规律。研究结果表明:喷管出口温度增加,对流场结构影响较小,但会显著提升喷焰的复燃效应;喷管出口压强增加,会对流场马赫波系结构产生影响,但对喷焰二次燃烧影响较小;喷焰红外辐射强度会随着出口温度或出口压强的升高而增加,且红外辐射强度与出口推力正相关。      

Aircraft engine fault detection based on grouped convolutional denoising autoencoders

Many existing aircraft engine fault detection methods are highly dependent on performance deviation data that are provided by the original equipment manufacturer. To improve the independent engine fault detection ability, Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) data can be used. However, owing to the characteristics of high dimension, complex correlations between parameters, and large noise content, it is difficult for existing methods to detect faults effectively by using ACARS data. To solve this problem, a novel engine fault detection method based on original ACARS data is proposed. First, inspired by computer vision methods, all variables were divided into separated groups according to their correlations. Then, an improved convolutional denoising autoencoder was used to extract the features of each group. Finally, all of the extracted features were fused to form feature vectors. Thereby, fault samples could be identified based on these feature vectors. Experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method and other competing methods by considering real ACARS data as the data source. The results reveal the good performance of our method with regard to comprehensive fault detection and robustness. Additionally, the computational and time costs of our method are shown to be relatively low.     

State of art on energy management strategy for hybrid-powered unmanned aerial vehicle

New energy sources such as solar energy and hydrogen energy have been applied to the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV), which could be formed as the hybrid power sources due to the requirement of miniaturization, lightweight, and environmental protection issue for UAV. Hybrid electrical propulsion technology has been used in UAV and it further enforces this trend for the evolution to the Hybrid-Powered System(HPS). In order to realize long endurance flight mission and improve the energy efficiency of UAV, many researching works are focused on the Energy Management Strategy(EMS) of the HPS with digital simulation, ground demonstration platforms and a few flight tests for the UAV in recent years. energy management strategy, in which off-line or on-line control algorithms acted as the core part, could optimize dynamic electrical power distribution further and directly affect the efficiency and fuel economy of hybrid-powered system onboard.In order to give the guideline for this emerging technology for UAV, this paper presents a review of the topic highlighting energy optimal management strategies of UAV. The characteristics of typical new energy sources applied in UAV are summarized firstly, and then the classification and analysis of the architecture for hybrid power systems in UAV are presented. In the context of new energy sources and configuration of energy system, a comprehensive comparison and analysis for the state of art of EMS are presented, and the various levels of complexity and accuracy of EMS are considered in terms of real time, computational burden and optimization performance based on the optimal control and operational modes of UAV. Finally, the tendency and challenges of energy management strategy applied to the UAV have been forecasted.     

多壁碳纳米管对C/E复合材料力学性能的影响

采用多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)进行环氧树脂的改性,并制备了碳纤维热熔预浸料。研究了MWNTs的改性方法、规格、含量对树脂基体的流变特性和碳纤维复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:MWNTs的管径越小,改性树脂的黏度升高越明显,加入相容剂可降低工艺上的成型难度。MWNTs的长径比越大增韧效果越好,长径比较小时增强效果较好。C/E复合材料的0°、90°压缩强度、层剪强度、CAI着MWNT-NH_2(b)含量的提高呈现先增加后降低的趋势,当MWNT-NH_2(b)的含量为2%(质量分数)时,上述性能最优,0°、90°压缩模量则呈现逐渐增加的趋势。拔出与断裂、桥联效应、裂纹偏转效应是碳纳米管在C/E复合材料中的主要作用机制。     

复合相变热沉在电子设备热管理中的应用

某些特殊电子设备的短时高功耗运行往往会引起急剧温升,进而导致设备失效。文章采用膨胀石墨/高碳醇复合相变材料(PCM)作为热沉,针对某高功耗模块进行了散热仿真,并与传统铝热沉进行了对比,结果表明无主动散热平台下PCM热沉显著优于铝热沉。同工况温箱实验进一步验证相变热沉散热特性,并与仿真结果进行对比,结果表明实验结果与仿真结果具有一致的温度变化趋势,但由于相变温度范围的差异导致不同时间段温升速率不同。分析了二者的差异及原因,为严酷条件下应用相变材料进行热设计和热管理提供参考。     

月球无人采样返回探测器一体化热管理方案

针对我国首个月球无人采样返回探测器"嫦娥五号"所面临的散热难题,在调研国外月球采样返回探测器热控方案的基础上,通过论证提出一种"泵驱小型单相流体回路热总线+水升华器"的一体化热管理方案。该方案能够实现"嫦娥五号"着陆器、上升器热量与热沉的综合管理与利用;同时在国内首次将高适应能力主动热控体系结构应用到深空探测航天器中,推动了我国深空探测航天器热控技术的跨越式发展。