直升机在风切变气流场中的响应特性

为了研究直升机在风切变气流场中的响应特性,基于相关文献,建立了风切变工程化模型。根据旋翼的非均匀入流模型,建立了直升机非线性动力学模型,并利用四阶龙格—库塔法,对某型直升机在风切变场中的飞行特性进行了数值仿真。研究结果表明:样机进入风切变场后,飞行姿态立即出现俯仰震荡、左右摇摆的现象,10 s内,侧倾角的峰值差最大达到了73.14°,直升机下坠的高度为53.19 m,偏航距离为93.79 m。     

碳纤维/ 环氧复合材料壳体补强新工艺及方法对比研究

为了降低复合材料壳体封头区域的应力集中,提高壳体整体性能,对复合材料壳体薄弱区进行补强以及采用何种方法进行补强是关键问题.本文以碳纤维Ф150 mm复合材料壳体为研究对象,以理论分析和有限元分析为依据,分别采用碳布补强和纤维缠绕补强对壳体前后封头及赤道附近位置进行补强.试验结果表明:纤维缠绕补强效果明显好于碳布补强,壳体特性系数由40.3 km提高到48.5 km,应力平衡系数提高到0.95,纤维发挥强度由3 378.1 MPa提高到4 058.4 MPa.     

Precise output loads control of load-diffusion components with topology optimization

The purpose of this paper is to present a novel topology optimization approach to control precisely the output loads under static loads and harmonic excitations. We introduce the Artificial Bar Element (ABE) at the designated output positions, where the output loads are equivalently measured and constrained with the nodal displacements of ABE. Optimization model is then formulated considering the output load constraints as well as the minimization of strain energy and dynamic displacement responses respectively under the static and dynamic conditions. The influences of the ABEs stiffness, different material usages of the design domain, widths of the output loads constraint intervals and variation ratios of output loads are discussed in detail. The proposed method is verified with several numerical examples with clear and reasonable load transfer paths.     

A new structural reliability analysis method in presence of mixed uncertainty variables

For structures with both random and fuzzy uncertainty, this paper presents a novel method for determining the membership function in fuzzy reliability with the Automatic Updating Extreme Response Surface (AUERS) method. In the proposed method, fuzzy variables are initially converted into a value domain under the given cut level and the extreme point in the domain where the reliability reaches its extreme value is considered. Second, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to determine the extreme point according to the extreme responses for different sets of random sample inputs. A kriging response surface is subsequently constructed between the random variables and the corresponding extreme points. An automatic updating strategy is then introduced based on the Relative Mean Square Predicted Error (RMSPE) before performing every iteration of reliability analysis. By adding new sample points, the approximate quality of the kriging response surface is improved. Finally, reliability analysis is used to determine the reliability bound under the given cut level. The proposed method assures the accuracy and computation efficiency of the mixed uncertainty reliability analysis results while it prevents the solution from becoming trapped in a local optimum, which occurs in classical optimization methods. Two example analyses are used to demonstrate the validity and advantages of the proposed method.     

电子设备故障预测与健康管理技术发展新动态

电子设备是各类航空、航天等高新技术装备必不可少的重要组成部分。与机械类设备存在明显退化状态征兆不同，电子设备退化状态无明显的外在表现，尚无有效征兆对其状态进行刻画，对其进行故障预测与健康管理存在一定的困难。针对该问题，梳理了电子设备故障预测与健康管理技术的基本概念和内涵，介绍了电子设备故障预测与健康管理技术的国内外研究现状，分析了当前复杂电子设备故障预测与健康管理技术面临的挑战和对策。在此基础上，结合未来复杂电子设备新特点及该领域最新研究进展，从基于间歇故障特征的健康状态表征、面向故障预测与健康管理的测试性设计和多源特征融合的健康状态评估等方面，提出了电子设备故障预测与健康管理技术发展的新方向。     

Design method with controllable velocity direction at throat for inward-turning inlets

In the design of a hypersonic inward-turning inlet by applying the traditional basic flowfield, a reflected shock-wave is formed in the isolator due to the continuous reflection of the cowlreflected shock wave in the basic flow-field, which interacts with the boundary layer to produce a considerable influence on the performance of the inlet. Here, a basic flow-field design method that can control the velocity direction at the throat section is developed, and numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method. The method presented in this paper can achieve the absorption of the reflected waves at the shoulder of the basic flow-field by adjusting the variation law of the center radius in the basic flow-field, and a smooth transition between the compression surface and the isolator can also be produced. The Mach number and total pressure recovery coefficient of the inlet designed according to this method are 3.00 and 0.657, respectively, at design point(the incoming flow Mach number Ma1= 6.0). The results show that with this method, the inlet can efficiently weaken both the reflection of the shock wave and the interaction between the boundary layer and the reflected shock waves, which improves the aerodynamic performance of the inlet.     

Sealing reliability modeling of aviation seal based on interval uncertainty method and multidimensional response surface

Many variables affect the sealing performance, and their distribution characteristics are difficult to obtain with probabilistic methods owing to the high cost involved. Numerous problems in engineering are similar due to the appearance of small-sample parameters. In this study, the sealing reliability of an aviation seal was defined as the research object, and an interval uncertainty method and multidimensional response surface were proposed to calculate the sealing reliability.Based on this, we first analyzed the failure mechanism of the aviation seal and established a leakage rate model. Then, based on the non-probabilistic interval model, an interval uncertainty method was proposed to construct the analytical model. With reference to the limit state equation from the structural reliability theory, the multidimensional response surface was used for fast calculation.Then, we chose the single-cylinder gas steering gear used in aircraft as the case study, its sealing reliability in working and non-working statuses were calculated, and the results were verified with the actual maintenance records. By analyzing the sensitivity of some variables, we can improve the sealing reliability of the aviation seal by improving the surface roughness only if the cost allows.Finally, we consider that the method proposed in this study realizes the application of smallsample uncertainty analysis in reliability analysis, and could provide a feasible way to solve the similar problems in engineering with multidimensional and small-sample parameters.     

基于特征模型的Halo轨道维持控制

平动点，尤其是共线平动点轨道在未来深空探测活动中具有重要的应用价值，但由于共线平动点轨道不稳定，运行在其上的航天器在无控情况下将很快偏离标称轨道，因此在实际任务中，轨道维持必不可少。针对地月系L₂点附近的Halo轨道维持问题，首先在圆型限制性三体模型下，利用Richardson三阶近似解析解、微分修正以及打靶法获得了用于维持控制的标称轨道；然后设计了基于特征模型理论的黄金分割控制器用于速度跟踪以及PD控制器用于位置跟踪；最后分别在圆型限制性三体模型和双圆限制性四体模型下进行了仿真分析。结果表明：在两种模型下，位置和速度的跟踪精度分别优于100 m和0.003 m/s，但双圆限制性四体模型下所需总的速度增量比圆型限制性三体模型下所需总的速度增量高一个数量级。     

Coating deposition regularity depended on orientation difference in PS-PVD plasma jet

The YSZ coatings are prepared by the plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) technology based on a specific experimental design. The structure, thickness and growth angle of YSZ coatings on the entire circumferential surface of the cylindrical sample are studied. The results indicated that the structure, thickness and deflection growth angle of YSZ coatings are related to the orientation of deposition location. The numerical simulation of the multiphase mixed fluid near the substrate is carried out and the deposition regularity and mechanism of YSZ coatings prepared by PS-PVD is deduced. The growth rate is related to the local characteristics of the plasma flow field, and is directly proportional to the field pressure and inversely proportional to the field velocity. The growth angle of the coating is generally affected by the flow direction of the plasma jet. Especially, the normal component of velocity vector, V_norm, mainly affects the speed at which the coating grows vertically upwards. The tangential component of velocity vector, V_tan, determines the degree that the coating growth direction deviates from the vertical direction. When V_tan ≠ 0, the coating forms a fine column with a certain deflection angle and finally develops into an oblique columnar structure.     

载人地月混合轨道一次脉冲应急返回轨道分析

对于载人地月转移任务，应急返回轨道是航天员安全返回地球的保障。针对载人混合轨道地月转移对安全性要求高的特点，基于载人地月混合轨道，提出了3种一次脉冲的应急返回轨道，即直接返回、即刻机动绕月返回及绕月后机动返回等模式。研究了不同时刻发生故障后，利用3种应急模式返回地球的转移时间和速度增量等特性，研究了载人地月转移全过程出现故障后的应急方式，总结了3种应急模式的应用特点及优劣，可为载人月球探测任务顶层任务分析与设计提供参考。