单壁碳纳米管冲击吸能特性分析

碳纳米管的优异力学特性使其在冲击能量吸收方面存在潜在的应用前景,但纳米尺度的冲击验证实验却难以实现.应用分子结构力学、冲击动力学和纳米尺度有限元相结合的方法,研究了单壁碳纳米管受轴向冲击的吸能特性.使用ANSYS中APDL编程语言,建立了单壁碳纳米管的空间结构参数化模型;同时,采用修正的Morse原子势函数拟合了C-C共价键的本构方程.按照最大失效应变作为共价键断裂的判据,对比了长度、直径和手性对单壁碳纳米管冲击吸能的影响.结果表明:采用这种仿真方法可以动态呈现碳纳米管断裂的全过程,且能够证实单壁碳纳米管的比吸能远高于其他材质类似管状结构,其中,锯齿型碳纳米管的吸能特性又好于扶手椅型.      

Modeling and Optimal Design of 3 Degrees of Freedom Helmholtz Resonator in Hydraulic System

Three degrees of freedom (3-DOF) Helmholtz resonator which consists of three cylindrical necks and cavities connected in series (neck-cavity-neck-cavity-neck-cavity) is suitable to reduce flow pulsation in hydraulic system. A novel lumped parameter model (LPM) of 3-DOF Helmholtz resonator in hydraulic system is developed which considers the viscous friction loss of hydraulic fluid in the necks. Applying the Newton’s second law of motion to the equivalent mechanical model of the resonator, closed-form expression of transmission loss and resonance frequency is presented. Based on the LPM, an optimal design method which employs rotate vector optimization method (RVOM) is proposed. The purpose of the optimal design is to search the resonator’s unknown parameters so that its resonance frequencies can coincide with the pump-induced flow pulsation harmonics respectively. The optimal design method is realized to design 3-DOF Helmholtz resonator for a certain type of aviation piston pump hydraulic system. The optimization result shows the feasibility of this method, and the simulation under optimum parameters reveals that the LPM can get the same precision as transfer matrix method (TMM).     

Full-scale crash test and FEM simulation of a crashworthy helicopter seat

Crashworthy seat structure with considerable energy absorption capacity is a key component for aircraft to improve its crashworthiness and occupant survivability in emergencies.According to Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) regulations,seat performance must be certified by dynamic crash test which is quite expensive and time-consuming.For this reason,numerical simulation is a more efficient and economical approach to provide the possibility to assess seat performances and predict occupant responses.A numerical simulation of the crashworthy seat structure was presented and the results were also compared with the full-scale crash test data.In the numerical simulation,a full-scale three-dimensional finite element model of the seat/occupant structure was developed using a nonlinear and explicit dynamic finite element code LS-DYNA3D.Emphasis of the numerical simulation was on predicting the dynamic response of seat/occupant system,including the occupant motion which may lead to injuries,the occupant acceleration-time histories,and the energy absorbing behavior of the energy absorbers.The agreement between the simulation and the physical test suggestes that the developed numerical simulation can be a feasible substitute for the dynamic crash test.      

Comparison of Antarctic riometer radio wave absorption and THEMIS mission energetic electron fluxes

Simultaneous observations of in situ plasma properties in the tail of the Earth’s magnetosphere and of ground based instruments, lying on the same geomagnetic field lines, have recently proved to yield significant new results. In most cases magnetosphere ionosphere interactions during the night-time northern hemisphere conditions are studied. Here, observations of energetic electrons in the tail of the Earth’s magnetosphere made by the THEMIS mission satellites are compared with auroral radio wave absorption determined by riometers in the Antarctic for sunlit conditions. Days for which satellites and riometers are connected by the same geomagnetic field line are selected using a geomagnetic field model. The six days analysed show clear associations between fluxes and absorptions in some cases. However, these do not necessarily correspond to conjugacy intervals. Hours of positive associations are 1.65 times those for negative associations, all hours and days considered (1.42–3.6 on five days and 0.58 on the other day). These computations are assumed appropriate since the footprints of the satellites used approximately follow corrected geomagnetic parallels for all six days studied. The use of a finer parameterization of geomagnetic models to determine conjugacy may be needed.     

电子回旋共振离子推力器栅极光学系统的PIC/MCC模拟

为了寻求日益昂贵的电推力器工质氙气的替代品,探讨氩气作为电子回旋共振离子推力器工质的适用性,采用混合PIC方法模拟了氩等离子体在栅极光学系统中输运过程,分析了氩离子束流的聚焦效果、氩等离子体的空间分布和流动特性。结果表明:氩离子束流在已有栅极系统中具有良好的聚焦效果;束流中CEX离子仅占离子总数的万分之一,影响较小;氩气作为工质时,离子喷射速度为75km/s,加速栅极后回流速度为38km/s,与电动力学理论预估值一致。     

单壁碳纳米管低能区光吸收性质

采用半经验方法,通过紧束缚理论建立一维近似模型,研究了单壁碳纳米管的态密度,解释了单壁碳纳米管光吸收谱低能阶段出现的3个吸收峰的形成原因。     

直升机气动噪声研究进展

对直升机气动噪声的研究进展进行了综述,内容包括试验技术、理论分析方法和噪声抑制技术。声学风洞试验是直升机气动噪声研究的基本手段,其中非定常载荷测试、流场显示和声源定位等先进测试技术已实现应用;飞行试验在直升机噪声适航标准完善和噪声控制技术研究等方面已成为必不可少的研究和验证手段。直升机气动噪声的理论体系不断完善,包括声类比法、Kirchhoff/CFD 混合法等旋翼气动噪声分析方法都已形成分析程序,成为直升机研发的有效工具。直升机气动噪声的抑制仍然以旋翼桨尖设计为主,飞行轨迹优化、旋翼噪声主动控制等新技术已实现飞行验证,但尚未进行型号应用。在用户和市场需求的推动下,在新型直升机的研发中,引入气动噪声的抑制技术将是必然的发展趋势。     

航天器声试验ISO国际标准制定过程及启示

标准国际化是助推中国航天国际化发展战略转型重要途径。针对航天器声试验技术成果,通过积极推动其向国际标准转化,最终使其立项并成为ISO 19924《空间系统——声试验》的国际标准。该标准是在航天器环境试验领域首个由中国发起、起草和主导的国际标准。文章将介绍声试验技术成果向国际标准转化的过程和方法,以分享经验,为我国积极参与国际标准化活动,提高标准国际化水平提供借鉴。     

新型非接触式径向C4D传感器优化设计

基于电容耦合式非接触电导检测(C4D)技术,设计研发了一种新型径向结构的非接触式电导测量传感器。该传感器利用串联谐振的原理,引入电感模块以消除耦合电容对测量的不利影响,扩大了测量范围,提高了测量灵敏度。同时,用仿真与实验相结合的方法对传感器的电极张角进行了优化研究。在5.0、7.5、9.1、10.2和12.0 mm 5种不同内径的管道中进行了电导测量实验,电导测量相对误差均不超过5%,实验结果表明,所设计的新型非接触式径向C~4D电导测量传感器是可行和有效的。     

高纬极区电离层中离子声波谱线增强的解释

大量的实验研究表明, 在顶部极光区电离层, 利用EISCAT非相干散射雷达和Millstone Hill雷达可以观测到不对称、增强的离子声波谱线. 考虑到低能H+离子束沉降到背景电离层, 以及电离层顶部O+离子的外流事件, 采用含有场向热流项的双麦克斯韦分布描述H+离子束的分布函数, 进而基于离子－离子双流不稳定性理论来解释增强的离子声波谱线. 场向热流的引入可以减小离子声波谱线的不对称现象, 这样得到的结果更符合实际.