软件故障树分析实例研究

软件故障树分析(SFTA)是硬件或系统FTA的扩展,可应用于安全性关键软件的验证和可靠性分析.本文首先阐述了SFTA的原理和应用过程,然后介绍了结合某嵌入式软件进行实际应用的过程以及最小割集的生成,并在此基础上提出了对该软件的改进建议.     

基于“以证代考”模式的高职涉外旅游专业人才核心能力培养探析

改革传统的教学评价手段,注重实操,减少笔试是高职院校一系列教学改革中的重要环节。＂以证代考＂是一种强调实操,体现实际能力的考核方式。本文以导游证为例,在设计、实施、促进能力培养的效果和存在问题等方面做一些探讨。     

United Nations Human Space Technology Initiative (HSTI)

The Human Space Technology Initiative was launched in 2010 within the framework of the United Nations Programme on Space Applications implemented by the Office for Outer Space Affairs of the United Nations. It aims to involve more countries in activities related to human spaceflight and space exploration and to increase the benefits from the outcome of such activities through international cooperation, to make space exploration a truly international effort.     

Self-perspiration garment for extravehicular activity improves skin cooling effects without raising humidity

Introduction

The current U.S. extravehicular activity (EVA) suit in space includes liquid cooling and ventilation garment (LCVG) to control thermal condition. Tubes knitted in LCVG for flowing water interrupt evaporation of perspiration, and astronauts feel discomfort. In the present study, we hypothesized that a self-perspiration garment would effectively lower the skin temperature without raising humidity in the garment. Thus, we developed and examined the effects of the garment.

Methods

Eight healthy subjects were studied with a cyclic ergometer of 30, 60 90 and 120 W loading for 3 min each. Skin temperature and humidity on the back were measured continuously. Subjects wore and tested three types of garments i.e., a spandex wear without any cooling device (Normal), a simulated LCVG (s-LCVG) or the spandex wear knitted a vinyl tube for flowing water, and the spandex wear with a tube, which flows water and self-perspiration with oozing water for evaporative cooling (SPEC).

Results

All measurements were reached to steady state 2–3 min after the setting. The s-LCVG decreased skin temperature 0.39±0.14 °C during 12 min of cooling. With SPEC, skin temperature did not decrease significantly until 6–9 min after starting the cooling. However, the temperature decreased rapidly and significantly after that, and finally decreased 1.59±0.32 °C. Humidity in the SPEC was significantly lower than that in s-LCVG.

Discussion

SPEC was effective for lowering skin temperature without raising humidity in the garment. The concept is expected to use as a better cooling system during EVA.     

改进高职英语听力教学的策略--兼评2005年6月高等学校英语应用能力听力部分考试

基于2005年6月湖南地区进行的高等学校英语应用能力考试听力理解部分试卷和答卷情况的深入分析,结合实际,讨论反映在教学中的主要问题,并提出如何改进听力理解教学工作的建议。     

火箭发动机气体-颗粒两相流双流体模型研究

探讨了两相流双流体模型中颗粒相压强、两相界面压强以及两相界面速度等若干关键问题,从理论上推导了双流体模型的控制方程,并讨论了颗粒相控制方程的双曲性.把LU隐式时间格式和Van-Leer矢通量分裂格式应用到两相流双流体模型中,并对一维等截面传热摩擦管道和轴对称JPL喷管中气固两相流进行了计算,计算结果与文献结果吻合良好,所建数学模型正确,所用数值计算方法可靠.     

航天器热故障诊断专家系统推理机的设计

航天器在飞行过程中,经常发生各种故障,因此需要充分进行地面模拟试验.在航天器地面热试验的故障分析过程中,除了形成了可供故障诊断用的规则以外,还得到了许多具体的事例.后者很难用规则来准确地描述,但却是人类专家最珍贵的经验,必须加以利用.据此提出了基于事例推理和基于规则推理的混合推理机制,给出了具体的流程图,并就两种推理给出了相应的冲突消解策略.     

基于建构主义理论抛锚式教学模型的ESP教学设计——以《客舱乘务英语》为例

基于建构主义理论指导下的抛锚式教学,强调以真实事件或真实问题作为教学活动的基础。本文针对当前高校ESP课堂教学的现状,简要分析了存在的问题及原因,由此引入建构主义学习理论的观点,并对将抛锚式教学方法融入到客舱乘务英语课的教学进行例析,以期改变传统ESP课堂教学的弊端,实现ESP以学习为中心的教学原则。     

基于故障树分析法的引信作用可靠性分析

引信作为武器系统的核心控制部分,其可靠性决定了整个武器系统的最终毁伤效果.现有引信可靠性研究多集中于对某型引信或引信某个机构的可靠性分析.基于故障树分析法,以引信系统分析为基础:首先,根据引信结构及工作原理,分析常见的故障模式;然后,根据故障模式建立故障模型并以某型触发引信为例,进行定量和定性分析,得出影响该型触发引信...     

飞行器复杂外结构的环境热流计算方法

提出了一种通用的、适合飞行器复杂外结构环境热流的计算方法。采用由环境映射面组成的封闭结构对空间飞行器进行包覆,根据飞行器的轨道特征及瞬时位置,确定映射面上环境热流的大小及方向。在映射封闭结构与飞行器表面组成的辐射换热系统中,通过蒙特卡罗法结合设备表面的镜、漫反射特性,计算环境映射面到各设备表面的辐射传递因子,进而获得在轨飞行器不同位置的瞬时环境热流。计算中考虑了结构表面间的遮挡及多次反射问题,解决了空间飞行器因设备众多、尺寸差异大、表面辐射特性不同等给热流计算带来的困难,并为后期的热分析计算提供精确数据。