L׳ADROIT – A spaceborne ultraviolet laser system for space debris clearing

Small (1–10 cm) debris in low Earth orbit (LEO) are extremely dangerous, because they spread the breakup cascade. Pulsed laser active debris removal using laser ablation jets on target is the most cost-effective way to re-enter the small debris. No other solutions address the whole problem of large (~100 cm, 1 t) as well as small debris. Physical removal of small debris (by nets, tethers and so on) is uneconomical because of the energy cost of matching orbits. In this paper, we present a completely new proposal relative to our earlier work. This new approach uses rapid, head-on interaction in 10–40 s rather than 4 minutes, using 20–40 kW bursts of 100 ps, 355 nm UV pulses from a 1.5 m diameter aperture on a space-based station in LEO. The station employs “heat-capacity” laser mode with low duty cycle to create an adaptable, robust, dual-mode system which can lower or raise large derelict objects into less dangerous orbits, as well as clear out the small debris in a 400-km thick LEO band. Time-average laser optical power is less than 15 kW. The combination of short pulses and UV wavelength gives lower required fluence on target as well as higher momentum coupling coefficient. An orbiting system can have short range because of high interaction rate deriving from its velocity through the debris field. This leads to much smaller mirrors and lower average power than the ground-based systems we have considered previously. Our system also permits strong defense of specific assets. Analysis gives an estimated cost less than $1 k each to re-enter most small debris in a few months, and about 280 k$ each to raise or lower 1-ton objects by 40 km. We believe it can do this for 2000 such large objects in about four years. Laser ablation is one of the few interactions in nature that propel a distant object without any significant reaction on the source.     

Tethered towing using open-loop input-shaping and discrete thrust levels

Asteroid retrieval, satellite servicing, and debris removal concepts often rely on a thrusting vehicle to redirect and steer a passive object. One effective way to tow the object is through a tether. This study employs a discretized tether model attached to six degree-of-freedom end bodies. To reduce the risk of a post-burn collision between the end bodies, discrete thrust input shaping profiles are considered including a Posicast input and a bang-off-bang thrust profile. These input shaping techniques attain desirable collision avoidance performance by inducing a tumbling or gravity gradient motion of the tethered formation. Their performance is compared to an earlier frequency notched thruster profile.     

浅谈机队发动机换发计划管理

航空公司机队发动机换发计划管理是发动机工程管理的有机组成部分，换发计划管理需要细致考量影响的因素，并结合实际进行优化调整。     

民机驾驶舱显示器维修性设计中的拆装考虑

针对民用飞机驾驶舱显示器的结构设计,考虑运行阶段的航线维修过程中显示器拆卸与安装的快捷性和简便性,从维修性设计角度出发,基于显示器维修性定量需求和维修性定性需求,提出显示器正向拆装设计评估模型,包括显示器拆装设计评估工作时间轴和显示器拆装设计评估流程。同时,结合实例对拆装设计评估流程进行应用,以说明该方法的有效性。本文提出的正向拆装设计评估模型能够为民用飞机驾驶舱显示器及相似设备的研制工作提供有力的技术支持和保障。     

空间碎片软捕获姿轨控模型构建与仿真

为构建利用柔性机械臂捕获空间碎片的系统仿真模型,首先分析梳理空间碎片捕获典型任务流程,包括轨道转移、位置保持、路径规划、动量稳定控制等阶段;然后针对任务流程分别搭建基于Simu Link的路径规划、动量缓冲控制、姿态控制、动力学和轨道仿真等子系统;各个子系统之间以TCP/IP的方式进行数据交互,最终完成空间碎片软捕获任务姿轨控仿真系统的构建。     

全自动主着陆/着舰引导数据解算与融合算法

针对舰载机全自动自主着陆/着舰对飞机定位精确要求高的需求,提出了一种利用卫星导航和雷达联合进行信息融合精确定位算法。文章采用载波相位差分定位、野值剔除和序贯异类数据融合技术,有效提高了对飞机的定位引导精度和可靠性。     

天基激光驱动空间碎片降轨效果仿真研究

在当前天基激光移除碎片方案设计中,通常采用k J级高能激光器、100 m/s大速度增量和简单降轨模型计算移除系统参数,然而k J级天基高能激光器尚未实现。文章基于目前实验室现有的J级激光器水平,参考现阶段碎片移除方案,针对特定区域的目标空间碎片,结合碎片轨道特性信息建立降轨模型,仿真研究目标碎片在低能量天基激光驱动下的运动过程和降轨效果,分析了影响目标碎片降轨效果的因素。对部署在500 km轨道高度的天基平台移除附近碎片的仿真结果表明,速度增量和降轨高度的变化具有累积效应,提高频率、增大有效作用距离等可延长激光烧蚀驱动时间,进而增强碎片降轨效果。分析表明,J级小能量激光器通过长时间的烧蚀,也可有效驱动和移除1~10 cm碎片。     

磁流变抛光KDP去除机理实验研究

针对KDP晶体质地软、脆性高、易潮解等不利于加工的材料特性,提出了基于潮解原理的无磨料非水基磁流变抛光新工艺,获得了表面粗糙度PV=13.7nm,Rms=1.1nm的超光滑表面。通过分析得出新型磁流变抛光通过溶解作用完成材料去除;实验证明新型液体抛光过程中,溶解作用占主导地位,机械去除作用很小,可忽略不计;去除效率随抛光区域剪切应力增大而增大,而正压力分布对去除效率没有影响。     

TC4的铣削加工中铣削力和刀具磨损研究

通过TC4铣削加工时的铣削力试验,研究了干切削时和有氮气介质铣削时影响铣削力大小的几个因素,为提高金属去除率优化了切削参数。同时通过刀具磨损试验,对上述两种铣削方式,比较了在不同的切削速度下铣削时铣刀后刀面的磨损,证实了以氮气为切削介质能够大大地改善刀具的磨损状况和提高刀具的寿命。     

铣削过程中误差预测与补偿技术研究进展

 研究铣削过程的机理,对于实现加工过程的精密化与高效化至关重要。介绍了国内外铣削仿真模拟的研究进展,阐述了数值计算方法以及有限元技术在铣削误差控制中的具体应用。对切削力建模方法、表面误差预测方法、材料去除建模方法以及误差补偿等关键技术进行了重点介绍,并对各关键技术所包括的核心思想、算法及仿真流程进行了详细讨论。最后对铣削过程误差控制技术的发展方向做出了展望。