Behavior of tethered debris with flexible appendages

Active exploration of the space leads to growth of a near-Earth space pollution. The frequency of the registered collisions of space debris with functional satellites highly increased during last 10 years. As a rule a large space debris can be observed from the Earth and catalogued, then it is possible to avoid collision with the active spacecraft. However every large debris is a potential source of a numerous small debris particles. To reduce debris population in the near Earth space the large debris should be removed from working orbits. The active debris removal technique is considered that intend to use a tethered orbital transfer vehicle, or a space tug attached by a tether to the space debris. This paper focuses on the dynamics of the space debris with flexible appendages. Mathematical model of the system is derived using the Lagrange formalism. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the mutual influence of the oscillations of flexible appendages and the oscillations of a tether. It is shown that flexible appendages can have a significant influence on the attitude motion of the space debris and the safety of the transportation process.     

空间碎片现状与清理

分析了空间碎片的严峻现状和空间碎片的10个来源,指出轨道碰撞是产生碎片最多的因素;介绍了空间碎片的观测方法、原理和观测系统的概况,包括正在兴建的观测系统——“空间篱笆”。最后,根据不同轨道高度和空间碎片的数量与大小,提出空间碎片清理原则、要求和9种清理方法。     

现代喷气战斗机的发动机安装设计

发动机安装设计是飞机设计的一项重要工作,战斗机的发动机安装设计工作尤为重要且任务复杂.本文在收集整理大量文献资料的基础上,概述现代战斗机发动机的安装设汁,重点剖析了国外八个型号战斗机的发动机安装设计实例,比较各型战机的发动机安装设计异同,包括安装形式设计和安装节等结构部件的细节设计等.通过实例剖析和异同比较,有助于深入理解发动机安装设计的特点和规律,发展我国有自身特色的发动机安装设计解决方案.     

造型细节和离地间隙对轿车气动性能的影响

应用FLUENT软件,分别对汽车造型的不同处理方法、发动机安放位置、离地间隙、发动机舱冷却风的排出模式进行气动性能仿真.结果表明:汽车造型的处理方法中以加车轮对气动性能影响最大,发动机存在最佳的安放位置,不同的离地间隙对仿真结果影响很大,选择发动机舱冷却风的排出模式要综合考虑阻力系数和升力系数.      

干涉SAR图像的降噪方法及水平地形效应消除

考察不同滤波器抑制干涉SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar)图像噪声的效果.为有效地使用低通滤波处理,首先对原始干涉图像进行水平地形效应消除,保证图像信号频率的中心在零频处,降低由干涉SAR系统几何结构引起的信号频率偏移对滤波效果的影响.同时水平地形效应消除后的干涉SAR相位图可直观地反映地形的拓扑结构.实际数据处理结果证明本文提出的水平地形效应消除算法及滤波算法的可行性及有效性.      

非圆等距型面轮廓X-C轴联动高速磨削试验北大核心CSCD

针对非圆等距型面轮廓磨削加工存在表面质量差的问题,建立基于恒磨除率X-C轴联动磨削理论模型。选用陶瓷CBN砂轮进行三弧段非圆等距型面轮廓的高速磨削正交试验,探究砂轮线速度、工件速度和磨削深度对磨削比能、切向磨削力、磨削温度、表面粗糙度的影响规律。分析表明,砂轮线速度对切向磨削力、表面形貌的影响最大,磨削深度对磨削比能、磨削温度、表面粗糙度的影响最大。进行表面形貌观测未探测到明显的磨削烧伤区域,证明恒磨除率X-C轴联动磨削方式可用于非圆等距型面轮廓磨削加工。     

镍基高温合金珩磨材料去除率研究

针对典型的镍基高温合金材料GH4169开展珩磨试验,研究了主轴转速、往复速度、每往复进给量、油石粒径对材料去除率的影响规律。结果表明:主轴转速对材料去除率影响较小,其余三因素均对材料去除率有显著影响,其中每往复进给量和油石粒径的影响最为显著,且材料去除率与三者均呈现正相关关系。进行多元线性回归拟合出经验公式。同时还发现,适当提高网纹交叉角可以提高珩磨材料去除率。对加工余量一定且粗糙度要较高的内孔珩磨进行了工艺优化,实现了更高的加工效率。     

钛合金TC4的超硬磨料柔性抛光轮数控抛光试验研究

航空发动机叶片钛合金材料在数控磨抛加工中容易发生烧伤及黏附现象,针对常用的TC4材料开展了超硬磨料柔性抛光轮数控抛光试验研究。分析了超硬磨料柔性抛光轮抛光参数中转速、进给速度、预压量及行距对抛光去除深度及抛光后试件表面粗糙度的影响规律并通过正交试验分析了各抛光参数影响的主次关系。确认了钛合金试件抛光表面黏附物质成分,并同时分析了表面黏附物的形成原理。给出了TC4钛合金材料在超硬磨料柔性抛光轮数控抛光过程中工艺参数的选择策略,为TC4材料的航空发动机叶片和整体叶盘在超硬磨料柔性抛光轮数控抛光过程中提供理论依据和技术基础。     

L׳ADROIT – A spaceborne ultraviolet laser system for space debris clearing

Small (1–10 cm) debris in low Earth orbit (LEO) are extremely dangerous, because they spread the breakup cascade. Pulsed laser active debris removal using laser ablation jets on target is the most cost-effective way to re-enter the small debris. No other solutions address the whole problem of large (~100 cm, 1 t) as well as small debris. Physical removal of small debris (by nets, tethers and so on) is uneconomical because of the energy cost of matching orbits. In this paper, we present a completely new proposal relative to our earlier work. This new approach uses rapid, head-on interaction in 10–40 s rather than 4 minutes, using 20–40 kW bursts of 100 ps, 355 nm UV pulses from a 1.5 m diameter aperture on a space-based station in LEO. The station employs “heat-capacity” laser mode with low duty cycle to create an adaptable, robust, dual-mode system which can lower or raise large derelict objects into less dangerous orbits, as well as clear out the small debris in a 400-km thick LEO band. Time-average laser optical power is less than 15 kW. The combination of short pulses and UV wavelength gives lower required fluence on target as well as higher momentum coupling coefficient. An orbiting system can have short range because of high interaction rate deriving from its velocity through the debris field. This leads to much smaller mirrors and lower average power than the ground-based systems we have considered previously. Our system also permits strong defense of specific assets. Analysis gives an estimated cost less than $1 k each to re-enter most small debris in a few months, and about 280 k$ each to raise or lower 1-ton objects by 40 km. We believe it can do this for 2000 such large objects in about four years. Laser ablation is one of the few interactions in nature that propel a distant object without any significant reaction on the source.