Energy-efficiency maximization for fixed-wing UAV-enabled relay network with circular trajectory

With the development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), the applications of UAVs have been extensively explored. In the field of wireless communications, the relay nodes are often used to extend network coverage. However, traditional fixed ground relays cannot be flexibly deployed due to their low heights and fixed locations. Hence, deploying UAV as relay node is a promising solution and has become a research hotspot. In this paper, we consider an UAV-enabled relaying network in which a fixed-wing UAV is deployed between the Base Station (BS) and Ground Users (GUs). We study the energy-efficiency gap between the link “BS-UAV-GUs” and the link “BS-GUs”, and jointly optimize UAV relay transmission power and flight radius to achieve the highest energy-efficiency. Firstly, the UAV/BS-GUs channels models and the UAV energy consumption model are built. Secondly, the optimization objective function is formulated to maximize the energy-efficiency gap. Then, the solution of the optimization problem is divided into a two-step iteration process, in which the UAV relay transmission power and flight radius are adjusted to maximize the energy-efficiency gap. Finally, the experimental results under different simulation scenarios (such as cities, forests, deserts, oceans, etc.) are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm can always find the optimal UAV relay transmission power and flight radius settings, and achieve the largest energy-efficiency gap. The convergency speed of the proposed algorithm is fast, and can obtain the optimal solution within only a few iterations.     

带攻击角度约束的有限时间收敛制导律

针对航空制导武器带有攻击角度约束打击地面目标的制导问题,提出了基于快速非奇异终端滑模的有限时间收敛制导律.通过引入非奇异终端滑模面,避免了制导过程中可能产生的奇异问题,该制导律具有快速收敛的特性,能够满足攻击角度约束的要求.基于Lyapnov稳定理论证明了有限时间收敛的特性,并给出了收敛时间表达式.仿真结果表明,该制导律具有快速收敛特性,能够满足脱靶量和末端攻击角度的要求,相比传统带落角约束制导律,具有一定的优越性.     

下一代数据中继卫星系统发展思考

通过系统阐述中继卫星系统的发展过程,给出了主要国家和组织的中继卫星系统技术体制和现状.再结合卫星、载人航天器和深空探索的未来发展趋势,分析了下一代中继卫星系统的发展需求.在此基础上,从体系结构、卫星平台、链路调制体制、网络协议等方面,探讨并给出了下一代中继卫星系统的发展趋势和技术途径.为满足未来近地、深空航天任务,以及临近、低空快速移动用户的不同要求,节约系统成本,下一代中继卫星系统将向专业化和与其他系统融合的方向发展:星间链路将增加激光链路,数据速率可达到10 Gbit/s以上;多址业务成为主用,同时支持用户数能力将极大提高;对于链路调制体制,在采用CR(Cognitive Radio,认知无线电)和SDR(Software Defined Radio,软件定义无线电)技术的基础上,可实现实时自适应调整和根据需求加载配置;数据传输将采用网络化方式,天地间构成一体化DTN(Delay Tolerant Network,容延迟网络).     

A New Exposed-terminal-free MAC Protocol for Multi-hop Wireless Networks

This article presents a new multichannel medium access control (MAC) protocol to solve the exposed-terminal (ET) problem for efficient channel sharing in multi-hop wireless networks. It uses request-to-send and clear-to-send (RTS/CTS) dialogue on a common channel and flexibly opts for conflict-free traffic channels to carry out the data packet transmission on the basis of a new channel selection scheme. The acknowledgment (ACK) packet for the data packet transmission is sent back to the sender over another common channel thus completely eliminating the exposed-terminal effects. Any adjacent communication pair can take full advantage of multiple traffic channels without collision and the spatial reuse of the same channel is extended to other communication pairs which are even within 2 hops from them. In addition, the hidden-terminal effect is also considerably reduced because most of possible packet collisions on a single channel are avoided due to traffic load balance on multichannels. Finally, a performance comparison is made between the proposed protocol and other typical MAC protocols. Simulation results evidence its obvious superiority to the MAC protocols associated with other channel selection schemes and traditional ACK transmission scheme as well as cooperative asynchronous multichannel MAC (CAM-MAC) protocol in terms of four performance indices: total channel utilization, average channel utilization, average packet delay, and packet dropping rate.     

Fault tolerant small satellite attitude control using adaptive non-singular terminal sliding mode

The Attitude Control System (ACS) plays a pivotal role in the whole performance of the spacecraft on the orbit; therefore, it is vitally important to design the control system with the performance of rapid response, high control precision and insensitive to external perturbations. In the first place, this paper proposes two adaptive nonlinear control algorithms based on the sliding mode control (SMC), which are designed for small satellite attitude control system. The nonlinear dynamics describing the attitude of small satellite is considered in a circle reference orbit, and the stability of the closed-loop system in the presence of external perturbations is investigated. Then, in order to account for accidental or degradation fault in satellite actuators, the fault-tolerant control schemes are presented. Hence, two adaptive fault-tolerant control laws (continuous sliding mode control and non-singular terminal sliding mode control) are developed by adopting the nonlinear analytical model to describe the system, which can guarantee global asymptotic convergence of the attitude control error with the existence of unknown external perturbations. The nonlinear hyperplane based Terminal sliding mode is introduced into the control law design; therefore, the system convergence performance improves and the control error is convergent in “finite time”. As a result, the study on the non-singular terminal sliding mode control is the emphasis and the continuous sliding mode control is used to compare with the non-singular terminal sliding mode control. Meanwhile, an adaptive fuzzy algorithm has been proposed to suppress the chattering phenomenon. Moreover, several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed controllers by correcting for the external perturbations. Simulation results confirm that the suggested methodologies yield high control precision in control. In addition, actuator degradation, actuator stuck and actuator failure for a period of time are simulated to demonstrate the fault recovery capability of the fault tolerant controllers. The numerical results clearly demonstrate the good performance of the adaptive non-singular terminal control in the event of actuator fault compare with the continuous sliding mode control.     

数据中继卫星系统的研制与分析

在简述数据中继卫星系统发展历史的基础上，论述了它的突出优点和相应的对用．户航天器的要求，重点剖析了研制中继卫星带来的共性难点和在总体设计上的特殊性，介绍了中国数据中继卫星的发展历程、应用范围，并对我国数据中继卫星的发展进行了展望。     

用户星天线指向控制设计初探

在数据中继卫星系统中，为保证用户星和中继星间的通信，用户星天线要精确指向中继星。由于天线指向系统和姿态控制系统间存在动态耦合，天线桅杆又有拉伸和扭转变形，所以仅靠卫星的姿态控制不能达到要求的指向精度，必须采用独立的指向控制系统。本文针对这一情况，首先分析了用户星天线指向跟踪信号，并设计单轴天线控制器。仿真结果表明，用典型跟踪信号作为输入，可得到满意的跟踪精度。     

远程战术火箭控制方案研究

按照由简到繁的顺序，提出三种控制方案并进行了弹道控制仿真计算，分析了各方案的弹道精度，研究适合远程战术火箭弹的控制方案及设计要求，并考察了固体姿控发动机作为执行机构的可行性，认为其具有不少优点，可以满足远程战术火箭的技术要求，但其质量仅略重于空气舵。     

继电器电磁干扰的诊断和抑制措施

继电器是电子设备中的一个非常重要的干扰源,在其触点断开和闭合的瞬间产生的瞬态电压会引起严重的电磁辐射干扰。文章通过一例继电器电磁干扰的诊断分析说明了继电器电磁干扰的机理,提出了诊断这种干扰的试验方法和有效的干扰抑制措施。     

最高集聚人数在航站楼功能区面积设计的应用

航站楼设计时确定各功能区面积是首要的。引入最高集聚人数这一概念，通过分析、计算、应用举例，并用实际调查的数据进行了全面细致的验证。为航站楼面积设计找出一个科学准确的设计工具，为航站楼设计者提供方便。