马克思相对剩余价值理论的当代启示

马克思的相对剩余价值生产理论,揭示了资本主义生产方式的特殊运动规律,为我们提供了一把认识当代资本主义生产发展和技术进步的钥匙。其所阐明的许多具有普遍性的商品经济基本原理,如关于协作和分工在生产中的作用,以及机器与自动化体系在生产中的应用等论述,对我国发展社会主义市场经济无疑具有重要的指导意义。     

一种新的星载GPS定轨滤波算法

针对传统EKF(Extended Kalman Filtering)算法应用于星载GPS(Global Positioning System)低轨卫星定轨时系统噪声方差初值不易确定的问题,提出了一种新的定轨滤波算法.该算法在非线性方程线性化过程中,在前一时刻滤波估值点进行线性化,从而得到扰动方程,并将该扰动方程引入到传统EKF进行滤波处理.该算法与传统EKF分别应用在星载GPS低轨卫星的定轨中,通过比较,结果表明改进的算法在一定程度上抑制了由于系统噪声方差阵选取偏差较大而引起的滤波发散现象,且对于系统噪声方差的初值选取有较强的鲁棒性.      

用于识别两颗故障卫星的RAIM算法

提出了一种可以识别两颗故障卫星的接收机自主完好性监测算法.将最优奇偶矢量法应用于两颗故障卫星识别,指出由于故障偏差可能会抵消而使得正确识别率较低.对最优奇偶矢量法进行了改进,利用对单颗卫星故障敏感的最优奇偶矢量对所有可能的两颗故障卫星组合分别构造两个新的奇偶矢量,用于两颗故障卫星的检测和识别.计算机仿真结果显示,改进后的算法与直接利用最优奇偶矢量法相比,可以显著提高两颗故障卫星正确识别率,识别率可超过90%.同时,改进算法的奇偶矢量构造方法简单,计算量将减少90%以上,更有利于工程实现.      

面向立方星的相对位姿测量视觉传感器设计

针对立方星在轨服务任务中的近距离相对导航问题,提出一种相对位姿测量视觉传感器设计.为应对空间复杂的光照条件,设计一种具有多层结构的立体靶标,选取波长为850nm的LED灯作为立体靶标的光源.在相机镜头处安装850nm的红外窄带滤镜以提高立体靶标成像质量.为提高视觉传感器的测量精度,提出一种迭代直接求解(iterativ...     

一种快速响应型小卫星的自主任务规划设计与应用

浦江一号卫星是由上海航天技术研究院研制的一颗快速响应型小卫星,于2015年9月成功发射,卫星质量347 kg,运行在高度481 km的太阳同步轨道.为高效、高精度识别定位地面大范围广泛而随机分布的电磁辐射目标,浦江一号卫星提出了基于单星电磁信号监测载荷与光学成像载荷综合应用的在轨自主任务规划方案.在轨应用表明:该设计解...     

UWB与GNSS结合的室内外一体化定位系统设计

针对电力北斗安全应用、自动驾驶导航等应用场景对室内外一体化无缝定位的迫切需求,设计了一种将UWB与GNSS结合的一体化无缝定位系统.通过将UWB标签与小型化GNSS模块集成到手持智能设备上形成一体化定位终端,服务器软件对卫导结果与超宽带定位结果进行融合,输出连续定位结果.实验结果表明,该系统可以实现人员的室内外一体化无...     

Comparative analysis of four different single-frequency PPP models on positioning performance and atmosphere delay retrieval

Single-frequency precise point positioning (SF-PPP) has attracted increasing attention due to its high precision and cost effectiveness. With various strategies to handle the dominant error, i.e., ionosphere delay, the ionosphere-float (IF), ionosphere-free-half (IFH), ionosphere-corrected (IC), and ionosphere-weighted (IW) SF-PPP models are certain to possess different characteristics and performance levels. This study is dedicated to assessing and comparing the four models from model characteristics, positioning performance, and atmosphere delay retrieval. The model comparison shows that IC and IW models are full-rank while IF and IFH models have a rank deficiency of size one that will result in biased estimations, which means the better solvability of IC and IW models. The experiments are carried out based on the 7-day Global Positioning System (GPS) observations collected at 57 global Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) stations and Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) products. The results indicate that the IW model can accelerate SF-PPP convergence and achieve higher positioning accuracy compared to the other three SF-PPP models, especially in kinematic mode. With convergence criteria of 0.25 m in horizontal and 0.5 m in vertical, the east/north/up convergence times of IW model are 0.5/15.0/25.0 min and 0.5/16.0/36.5 min for static and kinematic modes, respectively. The IW model is able to achieve an instantaneous positioning accuracy of 0.28/0.35/0.75 m. In addition, a real kinematic test also demonstrates the best positioning solutions of IW model. Regarding troposphere delay retrieval, the IF, IFH, and IW models obtain a comparable daily accuracy of 3.0 cm on average, while the IC model achieves the worst accuracy of 8.0 cm. For precise ionosphere delay estimation, IW model only needs an average initialization time of 34.3 min, but a longer initialization time of 51.6 min is required for IF model. The daily precision of ionosphere delay estimation for IW model can reach up to 10.8 cm. At the present accuracy of GIM products, it is suggested that the IW model should be adopted for SF-PPP first due to its superior performance in positioning and atmosphere delay retrieval.     

Application of CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique on monitoring GEO satellites

Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites are widely used because of their unique characteristics of high-orbit and remaining permanently in the same area of the sky. Precise monitoring of GEO satellites can provide a key reference for the judgment of satellite operation status, the capture and identification of targets, and the analysis of collision warning. The observation using ground-based optical telescopes plays an important role in the field of monitoring GEO targets. Different from distant celestial bodies, there is a relative movement between the GEO target and the background reference stars, which makes the conventional observation method limited for long focal length telescopes. CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique is applied on monitoring GEO targets. In the case of parking the telescope, the good round images of the background reference stars and the GEO target at the same sky region can be obtained through the alternating observation of CCD drift-scan mode and CCD stare mode, so as to improve the precision of celestial positioning for the GEO target. Observation experiments of GEO targets were carried out with 1.56-meter telescope of Shanghai Astronomical Observatory. The results show that the application of CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique makes the precision of observing the GEO target reach the level of 0.2″, which gives full play to the advantage of the long focal length of the telescope. The effect of orbit improvement based on multi-pass of observations is obvious and the prediction precision of extrapolating to 72-h is in the order of several arc seconds in azimuth and elevation.     

Comparison of convergence time and positioning accuracy among BDS,GPS and BDS/GPS precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution

Precise point positioning (PPP) usually takes about 30?min to obtain centimetre-level accuracy, which greatly limits its application. To address the drawbacks of convergence speed and positioning accuracy, we develop a PPP model with integrated GPS and BDS observations. Based on the method, stations with global coverage are selected to estimate the fractional cycle bias (FCB) of GPS and BDS. The short-term and long-term time series of wide-lane (WL) FCB, and the single day change of narrow-lane (NL) FCB are analysed. It is found that the range of GPS and BDS non-GEO (IGSO and MEO) WL FCB is stable at up to a 30-day-time frame. At times frame of up to 60?days, the stability is reduced a lot. Whether for short-term or long-term, the changes in the BDS GEO WL FCB are large. Moreover, BDS FCB sometimes undergoes a sudden jump. Besides, 17 and 10 stations were used respectively to investigate the convergence speed and positioning errors with six strategies: BDS ambiguity-float PPP (Bfloat), GPS ambiguity-float PPP (Gfloat), BDS/GPS ambiguity-float PPP (BGfloat), BDS ambiguity-fixed PPP (Bfix), GPS ambiguity-fixed (Gfix), and BDS/GPS ambiguity-fixed (BGfix). The average convergence speed of the ambiguity-fixed solution is greatly improved compared with the ambiguity-float solution. In terms of the average convergence time, the Bfloat is the longest and the BGfix is the shortest among these six strategies. Whether for ambiguity-float PPP or ambiguity-fixed PPP, the convergence reduction time in three directions for the combined system is the largest compared with the single BDS. The average RMS value of the Bfix in three directions (easting (E), northing (N), and up (U)) are 2.0?cm, 1.5?cm, and 5.9?cm respectively, while those of the Gfix are 0.8?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.7?cm. Compared with single system, the BDS/GPS combined ambiguity-fixed system (BGfix) has the fastest convergence speed and the highest accuracy, with average RMS as 0.7?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.9?cm for the E, N, U components, respectively.     

关于约束分类问题的研究

约束条件的分类对于简化数学规划问题的求解具有重要意义，对于凸函数ｇｉ（ｘ）（ｉ＝１，２，…，ｎ）给出了约束ｇｉ（ｘ）≤０是必要约束或多余约束的充要条件，对于一般约束，定义了约束相关矩阵，给出了约束是必要的或多余的充要条件，对相对多余约束给出了分类。