A two-step robust adaptive filtering algorithm for GNSS kinematic precise point positioning

In kinematic navigation and positioning, abnormal observations and kinematic model disturbances are one of the key factors affecting the stability and reliability of positioning performance. Generally, robust adaptive filtering algorithm is used to reduce the influence of them on positioning results. However, it is difficult to accurately identify and separate the influence of abnormal observations and kinematic model disturbances on positioning results, especially in the application of kinematic Precise Point Positioning (PPP). This has always been a key factor limiting the performance of conventional robust adaptive filtering algorithms. To address this problem, this paper proposes a two-step robust adaptive filtering algorithm, which includes two filtering steps: without considering the kinematic model information, the first step of filtering only detects the abnormal observations. Based on the filtering results of the first step, the second step makes further detection on the kinematic model disturbances and conducts adaptive processing. Theoretical analysis and experiment results indicate that the two-step robust adaptive filtering algorithm can further enhance the robustness of the filtering against the influence of abnormal observations and kinematic model disturbances on the positioning results. Ultimately, improvement of the stability and reliability of kinematic PPP is significant.     

挠性充液航天器超近程逼近段动力学建模与控制

超近程逼近过程中,服务航天器为刚柔液耦合的复杂系统,单摆等液体晃动模型不再适用,对这种工况下的航天器进行了动力学建模与控制的研究。采用虚功率原理推导了一种新的适用于三轴推力作用下的液体晃动等效模型,通过引入相对位置导引矢量与相对位置误差矢量,建立了相对轨道误差动力学模型,结合相对姿态动力学模型,得到超近程逼近段的刚柔液耦合的相对轨道姿态动力学模型。针对模型存在的不确定性和未知干扰,设计了基于滑模估计器的相对姿轨耦合控制律。通过数学仿真验证了控制律的有效性,仿真中的晃动结果与Flow-3D结果能够吻合,验证了晃动模型的合理性。     

两课教师在推进科学发展观进程中的效用分析

两课教师作为思想政治教育阵地的领军人物,在贯彻落实科学发展观的进程中,转变教育理念,贯彻以人为本,全面、协调、可持续、和谐发展的教育思想,重新进行角色定位,推进科学发展观进教材、进课堂、进学生头脑的教育进程,提高思想政治教育的针对性和实效性。     

4种DGPS模块动态定位精度测试与分析

采用RTK-DGPS为参照,对GARMIN GPS15L、Ublox LEA-4S、Gstar GS-87和Gstar GS-89m-J共4种DGPS模块在单机模式、地面伪距差分模式和卫星差分模式下的动态定位精度进行了测试和分析.结果表明:(1)对于GARMIN GPS15L 和Ublox LEA-4S,单机定位精度为米级,使用地面伪距差分定位可分别提高动态定位精度20%和87%;(2)总体上看,DGPS模块的地面伪距差分定位精度优于卫星差分定位,卫星差分定位精度优于单机定位;(3)在视野狭窄地段,无论单机定位、伪距差分定位还是卫星差分定位,动态定位精度都受到一定影响,和视野开阔地段相比,精度明显下降.     

Monocular Vision-based Two-stage Iterative Algorithm for Relative Position and Attitude Estimation of Docking Spacecraft

Visual sensors are used to measure the relative state of the chaser spacecraft to the target spacecraft during close range rendezvous phases. This article proposes a two-stage iterative algorithm based on an inverse projection ray approach to address the relative position and attitude estimation by using feature points and monocular vision. It consists of two stages: absolute orientation and depth recovery. In the first stage, Umeyama's algorithm is used to fit the three-dimensional (3D) model set and estimate the 3D point set while in the second stage, the depths of the observed feature points are estimated. This procedure is repeated until the result converges. Moreover, the effectiveness and convergence of the proposed algorithm are verified through theoretical analysis and mathematical simulation.     

Low C/N_0 Carrier Tracking Loop Based on Optimal Estimation Algorithm in GPS Software Receivers

Suppressing jitter noises in a phase locked loop(PLL) is of great importance in order to keep precise and continuous track of global positioning system(GPS) signals characterized by low carrier-to-noise ratio(C/N0).This article proposes and analyzes an improved Kalman-filter-based PLL to process weak carrier signals in GPS software receivers.After reviewing the optimal-bandwidth-based traditional second-order PLL,a Kalman-filter-based estimation algorithm is implemented for the new PLL by decorrelating the model error noises and the measurement noises.Finally,the efficiency of this new Kalman-filter-based PLL is verified by experimental data.Compared to the traditional second-order PLL,this new PLL is in position to make correct estimation of the carrier phase differences and Doppler shifts with less overshoots and noise disturbances and keeps an effective check on the disturbances out of jitter noises in PLL.The results show that during processing normal signals,this improved PLL reduces the standard deviation from 0.010 69 cycle to 0.007 63 cycle,and for weak signal processing,the phase jitter range and the Doppler shifts can be controlled within ±17° and ±5Hz as against ±25° and ±15 Hz by the traditional PLL.     

星载GPS的毫米级编队卫星相对定位

在比较分析编队卫星相对定位与陆地相对定位技术的基础上,结合陆地相对定位技术和 卫星精密定轨技术提出了基于GPS进行编队卫星相对定位的方法及原理。文章采用2004年4月 1日到10日的GRACE卫星实测数据进行了相对定位计算,并采用KBR观测数据对本文相对定位 结果和JPL单独定轨结果进行了外部检核,检核结果表明：1. 与直接采用单独定轨结果相 比,该方法可以明显提高卫星的相对位置精度。2. 利用本文方法计算的两颗GRACE卫星相 对位置精度约为4.5 mm。
     

RTCA协议下北斗完好性降效参数算法设计及检验

目前我国北斗导航增强系统的完好性参数设计缺少针对差分信息有效性的降效参数设计,不满足航空无线电委员会（RTCA）提出的接口协议,无法同国际其他GNSS星基增强系统相兼容。根据RTCA接口协议,针对我国卫星导航系统的完好性降效参数处理算法进行了研究,利用北斗实测数据分析了完好性降效参数对用户增强服务的影响,验证了算法的有效性。结果表明,正常情况下,北斗导航系统增强服务三维定位精度可达到113m。当用户丢失部分差分改正信息时,定位精度约144m,精度下降约274%,利用完好性降效参数对过期差分信息进行降效处理,优化定位权阵,可将定位精度提高至117m,达到正常增强服务水平。     

基于3D Zernike矩的巡检器与空间站的相对导航算法

针对航天器相对导航问题,以空间站表面为"特殊地形",提出一种基于大型航天器表面巡检的相对导航算法。首先,运用巡检飞行器上的TOF （Time of Flight）相机测量空间站表面局部点云数据,以该点云数据为实时图,以空间站表面先验点云数据为基准图。然后,利用3D Zernike矩与三维地形间的一一对应关系,将三维地形匹配转化为基于3D Zernike矩的特征向量匹配。在此基础上求解实时图与匹配上的基准图间的相对位置、相对姿态,从而确定两航天器间的相对导航参数,并通过实验分析了匹配精度及速度的主要影响因素。最后,将该相对导航参数与惯性系统推算的相对导航参数在扩展卡尔曼滤波器的框架下实现信息融合,估计了巡检飞行器与空间站间的相对位置、相对姿态,实验结果表明,相对位置精度优于0.002 m,相对姿态精度优于0.1°。     

飞机可靠性分配方法研究

针对现行飞机工程研制可靠性分配中存在的数据量少、主观因素影响较大的问题,提出了一种融合灰色关联理论与考虑重要度和复杂度的可靠性分配方法。该方法首先统计多型飞机分系统的可靠性指标,并将其代入灰色关联方法中计算各分系统的重要度;然后统计飞机各系统重要和新研改进部件数,利用考虑重要度和复杂度的分配方法对飞机可靠性指标进行分配。以某型飞机为案例进行分析计算,结果表明,该方法简单有效,客观性强。