High precision dynamic model and control considering J2 perturbation for spacecraft hovering in low orbit

For spacecraft hovering in low orbit, a high precision spacecraft relative dynamics model without any simplification and considering J₂ perturbation is established in this paper. Using the derived model, open-loop control and closed-loop control are proposed respectively. Gauss's variation equations and the coordinate transformation method are combined to deal with the relative J₂ perturbation between the two spacecraft. The sliding mode controller is adopted as the closed-loop controller for spacecraft hovering. To improve the control accuracy, the relative J₂ perturbation is regarded as a known parameter term in the closed-loop controller. The external uncertainty perturbations except J₂ perturbation are estimated by numerical difference method, and the boundary layer method is used to weaken the impact of chattering on the sliding mode controller. The open-loop control of spacecraft hovering with the relative J₂ perturbation and without the relative J₂ perturbation are simulated and compared, and the results prove that the accuracy of open-loop control with relative J₂ perturbation has been significantly improved. Similarly, the simulation of the closed-loop control are presented to validate the effectiveness of the designed sliding mode controller, and the results demonstrate that the designed sliding mode controller including the derived relative J₂ perturbation can guarantee the high accuracy and robustness of spacecraft hovering in long-term mission.     

基于先验信息的多光纤惯组快速检测方案研究

针对含多惯组制导弹箭的长期整弹贮存期检测问题,提出了基于先验信息比对的快速检测方案。该方案建立了光纤惯组检测适用误差模型,在弹箭内各惯组相对姿态不变的前提下,以历史检测姿态角作为先验信息,通过惯性器件输出直接计算当前惯组相对姿态角,并结合姿态矩阵正交化特性进行比对。通过该方法可检测出弹箭内各惯组器件性能是否达标,缩短了检测时间,简化了检测流程。理论分析和仿真结果验证了该方案的可行性。     

大载荷摆动情况下飞行器姿态控制研究(英文)

天文观测卫星的主敏感器安装在一个具有二自由度、并直接与卫星平台相连的万向支架上。因敏感器的质量和长度不能忽略,故卫星姿态及其质心位置、转动惯量等结构参数将因敏感器与卫星间的角运动而发生改变,因此大载荷摆动情况下的飞行器姿态控制是本文研究的重点。本文根据动量矩定理推导出了存在内部相对运动的二刚体动力学模型,卫星系统的转动惯量将由该模型确定。由卫星的当前及其期望姿态四元数,构建出描述卫星姿态偏差的拟欧拉角;对拟欧拉角进行规范化处理,以保证三通道所对应的拟欧拉角分量分别由控制力矩的3个分量所控制。之后,提出了基于拟欧拉角的姿态开关控制律,该控制律可保证三通道所对应的相轨迹可沿开关线滑向坐标原点(其期望状态)。仿真结果表明,即使是在结构不对称和三通道严重耦合的情况下,该控制律也能保证卫星姿态可以得到较好的控制。     

空间近程高速相对运动方程的状态转移矩阵

分析了空间近程高速相对运动的特点,建立了描述近程高速相对运动的线性微分方程组,并给出了状态转移矩阵与解析解。仿真结果表明:对于HEO-GEO近程高速相对运动,所建方程的相对距离计算误差仅为16 cm,不足Hill方程计算误差的15%。所给出的状态转移矩阵对于实现空间目标拦截等任务的实时高精度相对导航和制导算法具有一定的应用价值。     

星间相位干涉仪测角系统设计及精度分析

针对微小卫星编队飞行、星间组网等多星协同任务中的相对测角问题,提出了一种高精度的星间无线电测角系统。该系统的优势是在伪码测距系统的基础上增加两条相同的接收通道,对载波相位值采用相位干涉法得到高精度的星间相对角度值,可以在不增加额外软硬件开销的情况下完成实时性较好的高精度星间相对状态自主测量。从该系统的设计出发,对相位干涉仪测角系统进行了详细的精度分析,推导了链路中各个噪声源的传递函数和理论噪声水平,并搭建实物平台对角度测量精度的理论值和实测值进行比较。结果表明系统对本振相位噪声有抑制作用,热噪声是角度测量的最大噪声源,系统实际测角精度在强信号下可达1.4×10^-3度。     

Basic performance of BeiDou-2 navigation satellite system used in LEO satellites precise orbit determination

The visibility for low earth orbit（LEO） satellites provided by the BeiDou-2 system is analyzed and compared with the global positioning system（GPS）. In addition, the spaceborne receivers＇ observations are simulated by the BeiDou satellites broadcast ephemeris and LEO satellites orbits. The precise orbit determination（POD） results show that the along-track component accuracy is much better over the service area than the non-service area, while the accuracy of the other two directions keeps at the same level over different areas. However, the 3-dimensional（3D） accuracy over the two areas shows almost no difference. Only taking into consideration the observation noise and navigation satellite ephemeris errors, the 3D accuracy of the POD is about30 cm. As for the precise relative orbit determination（PROD）, the 3D accuracy is much better over the eastern hemisphere than that of the western hemisphere. The baseline length accuracy is 3.4 mm over the service area, and it is still better than 1 cm over the non-service area. This paper demonstrates that the BeiDou regional constellation could provide global service to LEO satellites for the POD and the PROD. Finally, the benefit of geostationary earth orbit（GEO） satellites is illustrated for POD.     

卫星服务舱湿度控制系统性能分析及改进研究

文章介绍了卫星服务舱湿度控制系统的组成及工作原理。采用分析和测定相结合的方法建立了基于传递函数的系统的数学模型,通过试验验证了该模型的准确性, 并用模型分析了系统性能, 分析结果表明系统性能满足了技术指标的要求。文章最后提出了进一步提高系统性能的主要途径,这为改进系统设计提供了理论依据。     

空地导弹滑模制导方法研究

针对空地导弹的制导规律设计问题,给出了滑模制导方法,建立了纵向平面内的弹-目相对运动方程。基于滑模控制理论,设计了空地导弹的制导规律,以同时保证脱靶量和弹道倾角要求,并针对固定目标,给出了相对距离和相对速度的解算方法,介绍了针对移动目标的相对距离和相对速度估算方法。仿真结果表明,该制导方法具有较高的制导精度,并且满足弹道倾角约束。     

大学生相对过度教育现象的原因及对策分析

针对目前大学生现存的相对过度教育问题,从高等教育结构盲目争上"高层次"、大学生所学专业与市场需求不匹配、大学生区域就业供给与就业需求不匹配和大学生个体理论知识与实践能力不匹配四个方面,对大学生现存相对过度教育的原因进行了分析,并提出了解决对策。     

平面运动中的摩擦力

本文提出一种摩擦力和速度的连续关系式,并把非连续、非线性的方程包括在这个关系式中,解出各种情况的法向反力。