导航战中的GPS干扰研究

导航战已经成为信息战的重要组成部分,GPS干扰是导航战的主要作战方式。文章从不同角度分析了GPS干扰的可行性及干扰策略,对GPS干扰的不同样式进行分析,研究了压制式干扰和欺骗式干扰的原理,并对干扰效果进行了计算。结合多种电子对抗作战平台,提出了GPS干扰的不同途径,为GPS干扰技术以及对抗装备的发展研究提供借鉴。     

Antenna for precise orbit determination

The ESA SWARM mission will consist of three satellites that will measure the Earth magnetic field. The system calls for metre accuracy knowledge of the measurement locations. To achieve this a GPS receiver is used. At least four GPS signals are tracked to determine the code and carrier ranges, from which the position can be derived. The accuracy improves when using more GPS satellites and by averaging over many measurements. The latter is achieved in ground processing with a model-based orbit prediction, resulting in cm accuracy. The main error contributions in the processing are often measurement errors due to satellite multi-path effects. The multipath effects are characterized by measuring the antenna on a 1.5 m mock-up, representing the 9 m long satellite. In order to verify that the mock-up is representative, extensive electromagnetic simulations were made. The simulations included the antenna and the complete satellite and were then reduced to the antenna and a section of the satellite. The actual design of the antenna was performed with several levels of software. First, a fast bodies-of-revolution simulation found a geometry with the right coverage. Then, a finite element method simulation allowed us to match the antenna at two frequencies simultaneously.     

真航向测量系统初始对准中的UKF应用研究

研究了“真航向测量系统”（简称TNDS True North Determination System) , TNDS组合中等精度的INS和MS860型GPS系统,应用UKF (Unscented Kalman Filter）最优估计滤波算法,实现的高精度快速初始对准。论文重点推导了TNDS初始对准的非线性误差模型,并实现了TNDS中基于该模型的UKF滤波,TNDS系统的UKF组合初始对准算法最后进行系统试验测试。试验数据表明：采用了UKF滤波后,TNDS的航向初始对准中,航向失准角为25. 时,达到同样的对准精度0.1. , INS自对准时间由原来的2879s缩短为179s;纵横摇的失准角对准到同样的精度内,时间相应的减小了一个量级;同时TNDS速度的发散也得到了抑制。
      

基于单天线GPS的伪姿态测量算法研究

介绍了根据单天线GPS速度测量值测定载体伪姿态的基本算法原理,建立了卡尔曼滤波方程,改进了伪航向角的计算和卡尔曼滤波模型,并进行了算法仿真。结果表明,在载体进行中高速飞行时,单天线测姿算法具有较高的精度,基本满足常规姿态测量要求。     

INS辅助GPS接收机及抗干扰能力的分析

针对高动态或低信噪比条件下GPS卫星信号容易失锁的特点,根据GPS接收机码／载波跟踪环特性,研究分析了惯性导航（INS）辅助GPS接收机原理及其抗干扰能力。在复杂电磁环境下,INS辅助GPS接收机（特别是紧耦合GPS/INS组合模式）是组合导航的发展方向。     

Tomographic reconstruction of the ionospheric electron density as a function of space and time

Electron density distribution is the major determining parameter of the ionosphere. Computerized Ionospheric Tomography (CIT) is a method to reconstruct ionospheric electron density image by computing Total Electron Content (TEC) values from the recorded Global Positioning Satellite System (GPS) signals. Due to the multi-scale variability of the ionosphere and inherent biases and errors in the computation of TEC, CIT constitutes an underdetermined ill-posed inverse problem. In this study, a novel Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) based CIT reconstruction technique is proposed for the imaging of electron density in both space (latitude, longitude, altitude) and time. The underlying model is obtained from International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) and the necessary measurements are obtained from earth based and satellite based GPS recordings. Based on the IRI-2007 model, a basis is formed by SVD for the required location and the time of interest. Selecting the first few basis vectors corresponding to the most significant singular values, the 3-D CIT is formulated as a weighted least squares estimation problem of the basis coefficients. By providing significant regularization to the tomographic inversion problem with limited projections, the proposed technique provides robust and reliable 3-D reconstructions of ionospheric electron density.     

空间非合作目标的相对导航粒子滤波算法

针对激光交会雷达作为在空间交会对接过程中的相对导航敏感器,研究了未来特殊背景下,非合作目标航天器对雷达信号发射干扰的情况下的相对导航滤波算法.针对高维模型计算量大的特点对传统粒子滤波算法进行了改进,并与扩展卡尔曼滤波器进行了仿真比较,仿真结果表明改进后的粒子滤波器的滤波效果远远优于扩展卡尔曼滤波器,且计算量优于传统粒子滤波.     

GPS基带信号源的数字模拟实现

首先对GPS信号产生原理进行了分析,然后给出了一种基带数字信号源的产生方法,即用码发生器产生伪随机码,先和导航数据进行调制,再调制上用DDS产生的载波信号,最终形成一颗或多颗GPS卫星信号.该方法用FPGA实现,不仅可以模拟GPS卫星信号的特性,而且考虑到调试接收机的动态捕获性能,信号源中还模拟了信号在运动状态下的情况.该方法为接收机基带信号处理部分的调试节省了大量的时间,针对基带部分提供信号源,减少了调试中其他因素(例如射频部分)的错误而带来的干扰.     

32颗GPS卫星星座空间覆盖特性建模与仿真

GPS卫星要准确完成定位功能可见卫星数应不少于4颗.通过建立针对低轨、中高轨和大椭圆轨道目标卫星的GPS信号空间几何覆盖模型,利用Matlab计算针对低轨、中高轨和大椭圆轨道的可见卫星数,对目前美国32颗GPS卫星星座的空间覆盖特性进行仿真.仿真结果显示,32颗GPS卫星星座不仅可以对低轨目标实现全轨道覆盖,而且对中高轨和大椭圆轨道也有所覆盖,大大扩展了24颗GPS卫星星座的空间应用.     

马克思相对剩余价值理论的当代启示

马克思的相对剩余价值生产理论,揭示了资本主义生产方式的特殊运动规律,为我们提供了一把认识当代资本主义生产发展和技术进步的钥匙。其所阐明的许多具有普遍性的商品经济基本原理,如关于协作和分工在生产中的作用,以及机器与自动化体系在生产中的应用等论述,对我国发展社会主义市场经济无疑具有重要的指导意义。