论礼仪在构建良好关系中的作用

礼仪是人际交往中的润滑剂、修复剂。在个人之间、组织之间以及国家之间的交往中恰当地运用礼仪将会促进相互的理解、支持和信任。礼仪是人们获取自由的重要手段,是处理各种人际关系的重要工具,也是传递我们内心想法的重要载体。在运用礼仪的过程中,要坚持真诚、尊重、仁爱、不同、恒久和兼修的原则。     

用于薄片试样弹塑性应力-应变分析的半解析方法

针对圆弧漏斗薄片试样和圆环薄片试样提出了半解析统一模型,并进行了有限元验证,该模型对漏斗薄片试样与圆环薄片试样单调力学行为均有优良的描述性。完成了漏斗薄片试样与圆环薄片试样的单轴拉伸试验及变幅对称循环试验,获得了载荷-位移曲线和循环稳定载荷幅-位移幅曲线。通过该模型并利用试验曲线预测材料单轴应力-应变关系和循环应力-应变关系,发现根据两种薄片试样预测的材料应力-应变关系及循环应力-应变关系与标准圆棒试样结果吻合良好。     

Numerical simulation of hypersonic thermochemical nonequilibrium flows using nonlinear coupled constitutive relations

To predict aeroheating performance of hypersonic vehicles accurately in thermochemical nonequilibrium flows accompanied by rarefaction effect, a Nonlinear Coupled Constitutive Relations (NCCR) model coupled with Gupta’s chemical models and Park’s two-temperature model is firstly proposed in this paper. Three typical cases are intensively investigated for further validation, including hypersonic flows over a two-dimensional cylinder, a RAM-C II flight vehicle and a type HTV-2 flight vehicle. The results predicted by NCCR solution, such as heat flux coefficient and electron number densities, are in better agreement with those of direct simulation Monte Carlo or flight data than Navier-Stokes equations, especially in the extremely nonequilibrium regions, which indicates the potential of the newly-developed solution to capture both thermochemical and rarefied nonequilibrium effects. The comparisons between the present solver and NCCR model without a two-temperature model are also conducted to demonstrate the significance of vibrational energy source term in the accurate simulation of high-Mach flows.     

Outreach activities during the 2006 total solar eclipse sponsored by the International Heliophysical Year

The International Heliophysical Year (IHY) is an international program of scientific research to advance our understanding of the physical processes that govern the Sun, Earth and heliosphere. It has a strong educational component, linking research and education. Here, we describe the outreach activities during the 2006 total solar eclipse sponsored by IHY.     

基于细以方法的颗粒增强复合材料弹塑性分析

针对高体积含量的颗粒增强复合材料，提出了一种细观结构模型：将颗粒简化为同质、同尺寸的弹性圆球，两颗粒之间的连接基本简化为一弹塑性短圆柱体，并假设细观应力、应变和塑性区均为轴对称分布。其体和颗粒的变形行为分别简化为类似于弹性地基和弹性半空是，以此为基础，建立了反映一对颗粒法向和切向变形协调关系的两个积分方程。数值求解这两个方程，可得到一对颗粒间基体中细观应力的分布形式，从而建立颗粒对的细观弹塑性本构，采用平均化方法，进一步推导出材料宏观的应力－应变关系。本文利用该模型对一种金属基复合材料的拉伸实验进行了模拟，理论预测与实验结果吻合较。     

基于 CER的运载火箭研制费用估算

运载火箭研制费用估算是费用管理中的一个重要环节。正确估算研制费用对于方案选优、加强研制过程中的费用管理以及估算整个寿命周期的费用等都具有十分重要的意义。参考美国国家宇航局（ NASA ）的费用估算关系（ CER ）模型,提出了基于运载能力、起飞质量、外形尺寸等参数的参数-费用估算模型。鉴于我国运载火箭样本少的实际情况,采用偏最小二乘法（ PLS）对该模型进行了实证检验,估计值与真实值之间的偏差较小,估计效果比较理想。为下一步运载火箭研制方案筛选和费用管理提供了依据。     

天空飞行与地面风洞实验动态气动相关中的雷诺数影响

近10余年来，在3个动态气动专题领域内，地面风洞自由飞实验与对应的天空飞行器的绕流雷诺数虽然相差1～2个量级，但风洞自由飞实验结果多次预测或再现了天空飞行器出现的对飞行安全、飞行性能产生严重影响、其它地面风洞实验方法难以预测或再现的这3个专题领域内的动态气动特性，这至少为3个专题领域内天地动态气动相关中的雷诺数影响，提供了一个新的理解。     

Review of Ionospheric Effects of Solar Wind Magnetosphere Coupling in the Context of the Expanding Contracting Polar Cap Boundary Model

This paper reviews the coupling between the solar wind, magnetosphere and ionosphere. The coupling between the solar wind and Earth’s magnetosphere is controlled by the orientation of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF). When the IMF has a southward component, the coupling is strongest and the ionospheric convection pattern that is generated is a simple twin cell pattern with anti-sunward flow across the polar cap and return, sunward flow at lower latitudes. When the IMF is northward, the ionospheric convection pattern is more complex, involving flow driven by reconnection between the IMF and the tail lobe field, which is sunward in the polar cap near noon. Typically four cells are found when the IMF is northward, and the convection pattern is also more contracted under these conditions. The presence of a strong Y (dawn-dusk) component to the IMF leads to asymmetries in the flow pattern. Reconnection, however, is typically transient in nature both at the dayside magnetopause and in the geomagnetic tail. The transient events at the dayside are referred to as flux transfer events (FTEs), while the substorm process illustrates the transient nature of reconnection in the tail. The transient nature of reconnection lead to the proposal of an alternative model for flow stimulation which is termed the expanding/contracting polar cap boundary model. In this model, the addition to, or removal from, the polar cap of magnetic flux stimulates flow as the polar cap boundary seeks to return to an equilibrium position. The resulting average patterns of flow are therefore a summation of the addition of open flux to the polar cap at the dayside and the removal of flux from the polar cap in the nightside. This paper reviews progress over the last decade in our understanding of ionospheric convection that is driven by transient reconnection such as FTEs as well as by reconnection in the tail during substorms in the context of a simple model of the variation of open magnetic flux. In this model, the polar cap expands when the reconnection rate is higher at the dayside magnetopause than in the tail and contracts when the opposite is the case. By measuring the size of the polar cap, the dynamics of the open flux in the tail can be followed on a large scale.     

会计信息失真的经济学思考

针对会计信息失真现象的泛滥，首先分析了会计信息失真的现状，在此基础上主要从经济学的角度分析了由于市场经济制度不完善、产权制度不完善和激励与约束机制不配套所带来的会计信息失真，最后提出从完善市场经济制度、完善产权制度和完善激励与约束机制等方面防范会计信息失真。     

一种三维空间9-交模型的简化方法

9-交模型是一种表达三维空间拓扑关系的常用方法,但存在着冗余度大等问题。本文在Z latanova简化9-交模型工作的基础上,定义了点、线、面和体等简单三维空间对象,对它们之间的拓扑关系进行了研究。排除各种不可能的情况,共总结出24种可能的9-交结果以及80种点线面体之间的拓扑关系,并进行归类得到55种拓扑分析操作,从而大大简化了原模型。以线与体的拓扑关系分析为例,给出了根据简化以后的9-交模型进行拓扑分析操作的具体算法实现。