Solar and Heliospheric Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays

The significance of external influences on the environment of Earth and its atmosphere has become evident during recent years. Especially, on time scales of several hundred years, the cosmogenic isotope concentration during the Wolf-, Spoerer-, Maunder- and Dalton-Minimum indicates an increased cosmic ray flux. Because these grand minima of solar activity coincide with cold periods, a correlation of the Earth climate with the cosmic ray intensities is plausible. Any quantitative study of the effects of energetic particles on the atmosphere and environment of the Earth must address their transport to Earth and their interactions with the Earth’s atmosphere including their filtering by the terrestrial magnetosphere. The first problem is one of the fundamental problems in modern cosmic ray astrophysics, and corresponding studies began in the 1960s based on Parker’s cosmic ray modulation theory taking into account diffusion, convection, adiabatic deceleration, and (later) the drift of energetic particles in the global heliospheric magnetic field. It is well established that all of these processes determining the modulation of cosmic rays are depending on parameters that are varying with the solar magnetic cycle. Therefore, the galactic cosmic ray intensities close to Earth is the result of a complex modulation of the interstellar galactic spectrum within the heliosphere. The modern view of this cosmic ray modulation is summarized in our contribution.     

用Monte-Carlo法作Bézier曲线

本文主要内容是用Monte-Carlo法作Bézier曲线,以及Monte-Carlo法和Bézier曲线的联系。     

量子力学中的Heisenberg测不准原理的数学推导以及在小波分析中的应用

从傅里叶变换的定义出发,利用时变信号的短时傅里叶变换,推导出量子力学中的Heisenberg测不准原理,说明了两者之间存在这种联系的必然性,并给出了测不准原理在小波分析中的应用举例。     

MIS系统中复杂关系模式的设计及其PFC实现

软件开发已经从面向过程方式的编程逐步转化为面向对象方式,但关系模式的确定仍是MIS系统开发所面临的最关键的、具有普遍意义的问题之一。结合国航天津分公司航修基地管理信息系统开发过程中遇到的复杂模式设计问题,本文给出了在规范化理论指导下同类问题的分析方法,并且给出了PB环境下的PFC实现。     

Ni-7.3%Si-2.2%B合金快淬组织与深过冷快凝机制

 采用B_2O_3玻璃和纯循环过热净化相结合的方法去除液态金属中的异质晶核,使液态Ni-7.3％Si-2.2％B合金获得了330K的过冷度。对比分析了该合金在低温基板上的快淬薄片与大体积深过冷试样的微观组织。借助计算机和红外测温系统,快速采集了熔体的再辉过程。数据处理发现,在深过冷液态金属的整个再辉区间,温度的上升速率呈瞬态变化特征,再辉时间随初始过冷度的提高而减小。最后,由再辉曲线确定出深过冷液态金属再辉过程中的固相分数与时间以及凝固速度与瞬时过冷度的关系。     

New constitutive relation for eddy viscosity models

A new turbulent constitutive relation was directly derived from Boussinesq's hypothesis and mixing length theory, and then implemented in the standard k-ε model. The performance of this constitutive relation was validated in zero pressure gradient flat-plate boundary layer flow, fully-developed turbulent channel flow and separated flow in a plane asymmetric diffuser. The investigation demonstrated that, this new constitutive relation gave very accurate results in the former two basic cases and provided significant improvement in prediction of separated and reattachment points in the plane asymmetric diffuser. Separation and reattachment points at x/H=7.5 and 29 were calculated accurately in comparison to experimental results, and the static pressure coefficient of 0.82 was very close to large eddy simulation calculation. These results are very encouraging but further verification and extensive application of the new constitutive relation to other two-equation eddy viscosity model are needed.      

小型固定点装置温坪性能研究

给出了锡点、锌点和铝点三个小型固定点装置的垂直温场调节方法和温坪复现方法,并对调节前后的温屏曲线进行了比较。该小型固定点装置温坪曲线特性满足现有国家计量检定规程对于检定二等标准铂电阻温度计和精密级铂电阻温度计的要求。     

基于数据模型的某型民用飞机货舱区域腐蚀影响因素研究

 为研究舱内环境因素对民用飞机货舱区域腐蚀的影响,采集了停场飞机的货舱内外环境指标的数据,建立线性模型,给出了飞机货舱内外环境指标的数量关系。收集了国内几家航空公司某型民用飞机长期的结构腐蚀维修数据,计算了飞机货舱区域腐蚀频率与环境因素的灰色关联度,选取影响腐蚀的主要环境因素,提取主成分消除环境因素之间的多重共线性,建立腐蚀频率的多因素回归模型,研究了各类环境因素对飞机货舱区域腐蚀的影响规律与特点。分析结果表明:高温高湿天数与降水指标对该型飞机货舱区域腐蚀有显著的促进作用,并且不同航空公司的货舱区域腐蚀频率有显著差异,表明运营、结构检查和维护等人为因素对货舱区域腐蚀有显著影响。分析结果符合民用飞机货舱腐蚀控制的工程经验,表明研究方法是合理的。     

飞机总体外形设计系统中的模糊理论

讨论了模糊知识的处理方法-CF方法、主观Bayes方法、隶属函数方法、模糊变换方法等。在飞机总体外形设计系统中采用了这些方法。     

飞机典型结构细节——紧固孔随机裂纹扩展分析

根据7475T761铝合金犬骨型试样在随机谱载荷作用下的试验结果,采用两种随机裂纹扩展分析的方法,即通用的和解析的分析方法,研究了飞机典型结构细节——紧固孔中疲劳裂纹扩展的概率累积损伤,给出了概率裂纹扩展轨迹、裂纹扩展损伤累积分布及裂纹超出数的概率。试验结果与预测结果的比较表明,两者十分吻合,能满足工程精度的要求,为飞机结构的耐久性和损伤容限评估提供了适用的分析手段。