基于双目视觉的自动空中加油近距导航方法

为解决插头锥管式自动空中加油中的近距精确导航问题,提出了一种基于双目视觉的近距导航方法.该方法使用受油机上的两个摄像机拍摄加油锥管端面上光学标记的图像,采用轮廓跟踪法检测图像中的光斑区域,并将其灰度重心作为光学标记的像点,根据对极几何约束完成像点的匹配,利用空间圆形拟合法计算加油锥管的位置和姿态.建立了空中加油的三维虚拟场景对该导航方法进行仿真验证,仿真结果表明,该方法在近距离加油对接时具有很高的位置和姿态测量精度,可以满足自动空中加油的需要.      

在轨加注用超声波流量计的设计与试验

针对航天器在轨加注对推进剂流量的精确测量要求,研制了在轨加注用超声波流量计。在对传播时间法研究的基础上,提出流量计管路布局的设计要求,采用计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD)的方法模拟4种不同管路布局(直角型、45°锐角型、直线型和圆弧型)对流体速度分布的影响,对比得到了优化的管路布局。信号处理电路使用斩波稳定比较器,通过阈值比较法,保证了传播时间的测量精度。流量计经标定后,在量程（0～150g/s）范围内可达到0.1%的测量精度。为了验证在轨加注过程中流量计的作用,在地面环境下进行了在轨加注地面模拟试验,试验表明超声波流量计在推进剂在轨加注中使用是可行的和必要的。     

一种空中加油可变阻尼稳定伞设计及性能分析

为了突破传统空中加油稳定伞对于加油机飞行速度和高度的限制,设计了一种加装气动弹性支架的可变阻尼稳定伞。通过流固耦合(FSI)数值模拟,得到不同工况下的片状弹簧变形与稳定伞伞面形状,通过计算流体动力学(CFD)得到稳定伞气动力的变化趋势。根据气动力结果计算软管的拖拽形状及锥套下沉量。仿真结果表明:所设计的可变阻尼稳定伞的阻力变化量和锥套在空中位置变化范围分别降至传统稳定伞的70%和60%,能够实现阻力的自适应控制,拓宽了传统结构稳定伞适用的速度、高度范围。      

Modeling and simulation of a time-varying inertia aircraft in aerial refueling

Studied in this paper is dynamic modeling and simulation application of the receiver aircraft with the time-varying mass and inertia property in an integrated simulation environment which includes two other significant factors, i.e., a hose–drogue assembly dynamic model with the variable-length property and the wind effect due to the tanker's trailing vortices. By extending equations of motion of a fixed weight aircraft derived by Lewis et al., a new set of equations of motion for a receiver in aerial refueling is derived. The equations include the time-varying mass and inertia property due to fuel transfer and the fuel consumption by engines, and the fuel tanks have a rectangle shape rather than a mass point. They are derived in terms of the translational and rotational position and velocity of the receiver with respect to an inertial reference frame. A linear quadratic regulator(LQR) controller is designed based on a group of linearized equations under the initial receiver mass condition. The equations of motion of the receiver with a LQR controller are implemented in the integrated simulation environment for autonomous approaching and station-keeping of the receiver in simulations.     

空中加油调度的研究

研究了执行大规模空中加油任务的加油机群和受油机群的匹配方案，以完成总耗油量最少（或总耗时最短）为目标函数，有杉球面上航线约束的方法优化确定每次加油的最优加要用克尼格效能矩阵优化确定空中加油的调度方案。方案中了各种加油机基地和受油机基地的相对位置，受油机的安全可加油区域，最大可用加油机数目和最大需用加油机数目等约束条件。本研究可为实际应用提供理论依据。     

Dynamic modeling of a hose-drogue aerial refueling system and integral sliding mode backstepping control for the hose whipping phenomenon

Dynamic modeling of a hose-drogue aerial refueling system（HDARS） and an integral sliding mode backstepping controller design for the hose whipping phenomenon（HWP） during probe-drogue coupling are studied. Firstly, a dynamic model of the variable-length hose-drogue assembly is built for the sake of exploiting suppression methods for the whipping phenomenon.Based on the lumped parameter method, the hose is modeled by a series of variable-length links connected with frictionless joints. A set of iterative equations of the hose＇s three-dimensional motion is derived subject to hose reeling in/out, tanker motion, gravity, and aerodynamic loads accounting for the effects of steady wind, atmospheric turbulence, and tanker wake. Secondly,relying on a permanent magnet synchronous motor and high-precision position sensors, a new active control strategy for the HWP on the basis of the relative position between the tanker and the receiver is proposed. Considering the strict-feedback configuration of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, a rotor position control law based on the backstepping method is designed to insure global stability. An integral of the rotor position error and an exponential sliding mode reaching law of the current errors are applied to enhance control accuracy and robustness. Finally,the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed model and control laws.     

视觉辅助的无人机自主空中加油建模与仿真

为准确获得插头锥套式空中加油过程中无人机与锥套的相对位姿信息,提出了机器视觉辅助的插头锥套式无人机自主空中加油仿真方案,开发了基于Open CV,Simulink及Vega Prime视景仿真技术的闭环仿真系统.研究了机器视觉识别跟踪锥套的图像处理算法,利用Kalman滤波算法估计无人机与锥套的相对位姿.仿真结果表明,机器视觉算法可以准确识别跟踪锥套,滤波器状态估计的收敛速度较快,无人机姿态角变化范围较小,保证了插头锥套式无人机自主空中加油的平稳安全对接.     

ARJ21-700飞机燃油系统压力加油问题试验分析

根据中国民用航空总局《运输类飞机适航标准》(CCAR-25-R3)条款的要求,飞机压力加油系统的工作情况必须通过地面试验进行验证。然而ARJ21-700在压力加油试验中,飞机加油接头入口压力无法达到试验要求的0.343MPa,试验被迫中止。本文通过对加油车加油流程、原理等进行分析,提出了调节加油车管内压力控制阀和拆除加油接头处稳压阀的办法来提高飞机接头入口油压,最终成功解决了飞机加油接头入口油压过低的问题。     

氢氧推进剂在轨加注若干关键问题研究进展

为了实现深空探测和大型空间站的建设,有必要对氢氧推进剂的在轨加注技术进行研究。通过文献调研和对比,重点分析氢氧推进剂在轨加注遇到的若干热力学和流体力学问题。首先介绍了可以用于氢氧贮箱蒸发量控制的被动热防护技术,目的是实现推进剂的长期在轨贮存。其次,对9种常用的常规推进剂在轨测量技术进行比较,得出适用于氢氧贮箱内剩余推进剂的测量方法。最后,针对在轨低温推进剂的气液分离问题,分析了正推法和表面张力贮箱在氢氧贮箱气液分离中的适用性。通过对氢氧推进剂在轨加注关键问题的调研和论证,为我国氢氧推进剂在空间环境下的长期在轨使用和再加注提供技术参考。     

面向航天器在轨加注的地面模拟技术

文章结合近年来航天器在轨加注的相关研究,着重对其地面模拟试验技术进行了探讨。首先对国外相关地面模拟技术进行了综述,其次对一种新型地面模拟系统进行了详细介绍。该系统由气浮平台、航天器模拟器、光学测量系统、地面控制系统、自主对接和流体加注机构等组成,不仅能演示航天器在轨加注任务的全过程,而且能完整演示自主对接与分离、流体传输与控制、导引测量与推进等在轨加注关键技术。