复杂几何条件下伴随格林函数的数值求解

为简化气动噪声预测中复杂边界的网格处理,采用计算气动声学(CAA)方法与浸入式边界方法(IBM)相结合数值求解气动噪声预测所需的伴随格林函数.根据伴随格林函数的基本形式,文中设计了特定的圆柱声散射算例,并将数值结果与解析解对比,分析该方法的计算精度,验证了该方法在复杂几何边界条件下伴随格林函数求解中的适用性.最后应用该方法求解了考虑吊挂安装效应的锯齿型喷管喷流剪切层内的伴随格林函数.结果表明:由于喷流剪切层的散射效应,伴随格林函数在喷流内分布不均匀,最大值比最小值高出3倍以上,反映了喷流内不同区域声源对远场噪声贡献的差别,降噪设计可以重点考虑降低格林函数较大区域的声源强度以达到降低噪声的目的.      

低雷诺数下高亚声速压气机叶型流动损失机理研究

以高亚声速压气机叶型为研究对象,利用数值模拟手段研究了不同雷诺数Re条件下叶片近壁面分离泡结构和边界层发展的内在关联,基于Denton损失模型,揭示了低Re下压气机叶型性能退化内因;在此基础上,通过叶型改型设计,获得两种不同载荷分布的新叶型,对比分析了载荷分布对分离泡结构和叶型流动损失的影响。结果表明,Re从1.2×10~6降低到1.5×10~5时,吸力面分离泡长度增加11.2%轴向弦长,此时叶型边界层损失略有增加,而叶型尾迹损失增加接近150%,分离泡强烈的"位移效应"导致尾迹损失急剧增加是低Re下压气机叶型性能退化的主要原因;采用前加载叶型能够促使转捩提前发生,同时降低流向逆压梯度,有效抑制分离泡的形成和发展,改善低Re条件下高亚声速压气机叶型的气动性能。     

凹腔燃烧截面波系及温度场同步显示研究

凹腔作为超声速燃烧室的典型构型,对燃烧状态下的相关物理量进行准确诊断,有利于定量分析和研究超声速燃烧的机理。相对此前采用激光纹影等通程积分密度场显示方法,研究设计了一套锐聚焦深度小于1mm的激光聚焦纹影,用于显示凹腔截面的燃烧流场波系结构;同时利用羟基平面激光诱导荧光（OH-PLIF）和聚焦纹影同步诊断同一截面的温度场和密度场。试验结果表明,所显示截面内的波系结构清晰,得到了更多流场细节,同时也标记出了该截面内氢气燃烧状态,二者具有较好的一致性。该同步诊断结果可以更好地了解剪切层在燃烧室的运动及燃烧发展轨迹,以及不同参数的氢气喷射对剪切层和燃烧状态的影响等。获取同一截面的波系结构和燃烧状况的同步数据,对于研究燃料喷射以及凹腔燃烧等具有一定的参考价值。     

Statistical ionospheric E layer properties measured with the Cyprus Digisonde and comparisons with IRI predictions

This paper reports the diurnal, seasonal, and long term variability of the E layer critical frequency (foE) and peak height (hmE) derived from Digisonde measurements from 2009 to 2016 at the low-middle latitude European station of Nicosia, Cyprus (geographical coordinates: 35°N, 33°E, geomagnetic lat. 29.38°N, I = 51.7°). Manually scaled monthly median values of foE and hmE are compared with IRI-2012 predictions with a view to assess the predictability of IRI. Results show that in general, IRI slightly overestimates foE values both at low and high solar activity. At low solar activity, overestimations are mostly limited to 0.25?MHz (equivalent electron density, 0.775?×?10³?el/m^?3) but can go as high as 0.5?MHz (equivalent electron density, 3.1?×?10³?el/m^?3, during noon) around equinox. In some months, underestimations, though sporadic in nature, up to 0.25?MHz are noted (mostly during sunrise and sunset). At high solar activity, a similar pattern of over-/underestimation is evident. During the entire period of study, over-/under estimations are mostly limited to 0.25?MHz. In very few cases, these exceed 0.25?MHz but are limited to 0.5?MHz. Analysis of hmE reveals that: (1) hmE remains almost constant during ±2 to ±4?h around local noon, (2) hmE values are higher in winter than in spring, summer and autumn, (3) there are two maxima near sunrise and sunset with a noontime minimum in between. During the entire period of study, significant differences between observed hmE and the IRI predictions have been noted. IRI fails to predict hmE and outputs a constant value of 110?km, which is higher than most of the observed values. Over- and under estimations range from 3 to 13?km and from 0 to 3?km respectively.     

Numerical studies on supersonic spray combustion in high-temperature shear flows in a scramjet combustor

Numerical simulation is applied to detail the combustion characteristics of n-decane sprays in highly compressible vortices formed in a supersonic mixing layer. The multi-phase reacting flow is modeled, in which the shear flow is solved Eulerianly by means of direct numerical simulation, and the motions of individual sub-grid point-mass fuel droplets are tracked Lagrangianly. Spray combustion behaviors are studied under different ambient pressures. Results indicate that ignition kernels are formed at high-strain vortex braids, where the scalar dissipation rates are high. The flame kernels are then strongly strained, associated with the rotation of the shearing vortex, and propagate to envelop the local vortex. It is observed that the flammable mixtures entrained in the vortex are burned from the edge to the core of the vortex until the reactants are completely consumed. As the ambient pressure increases, the high-temperature region expands so that the behaviors of spray flames are strongly changed. An overall analysis of the combustion field indicates that the time-averaged temperature increases, and the fluctuating pressure decreases, resulting in a more stable spray combustion under higher pressures, primarily due to the acceleration of the chemical reaction.     

FTN传输条件下极化码帧间物理层安全结构设计

极化码是适用于物理层wiretap信道安全模型的一种编码方式,针对在超奈奎斯特（FTN）条件下传输的极化码,设计了一种无需获知窃听信道信噪比（SNR）的帧间链式加密的安全结构。通过混淆结构将对合法接收端可靠而对非法窃听端阻塞的码元进行扩散,利用物理层主信道和窃听信道的差异,在每一帧中生成主信道可译而窃听信道不可译的密钥序列,对下一帧进行加密,实现安全容量的帧间传输。仿真结果显示,在FTN加速场景和窃听信道SNR相对于主信道波动的前提下,提出的极化码帧间安全结构可在wiretap信道的平均信道退化程度为0 dB时实现信息的安全传输。      

再入飞行器迎风面边界层转捩的数值预估

基于求解三维Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程,首先数值预估了高超声速三维流动的边界层特性;采用已有的高超声速三维边界层转捩准则,即在转捩位置Ｒｅθ／Ｍｅ＝常数,以及通过修正由ＯＮＥＲＡ提出的代数转捩模型,建立了预估三维边界层转捩的半经验数值技术并应用于三维Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程的求解。利用ＨＡＬＩＳ模型及相关的实验数据,首次进行了在Ｍ∞＝６时不同雷诺数及迎角的验证试验。预估结果表明：在不考虑     

可压混合层涡并放热效应的涡动力分析

 基于双元单步不可逆燃烧动力学简化模型 ,采用紧致差分算法直接求解二维可压 Navier-Stokes方程 ,研究了时间发展非预混扩散火焰平面反应混合层流动。拟序结构由数值线性稳定性分析方法设定的粘性可压最不稳定小扰动初场促生。随放热强度增大 ,得到了基频涡卷撕裂现象。涡动力分析表明 ,放热主要通过膨胀和斜压这两种强非线性过程抑制大尺度剪切涡的演化     

ALGEBRAIC TURBULENCE MODEL WITH MEMORY FOR COMPUTATION OF 3-D TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS WITH VALIDATION

Additional equations were found based on experiments for an algebraic turbulence model to improve the prediction of the behavior of three dimensional turbulent boundary layers by taking account of the effects of pressure gradient and the historical variation of eddy viscosity, so the model is with memory. Numerical calculation by solving boundary layer equations was carried.out for the five pressure driven three dimensional turbulent boundary layers developed on flat plates, swept-wing, and prolate spheroid in symmetrical plane. Comparing the computational results with the experimental data, it is obvious that the prediction will be more accurate if the proposed closure equations are used, especially for the turbulent shear stresses.     

Flap contour optimization for highly integrated SERN nozzles

The performance of a Single Expansion Ramp Nozzle (SERN) for hypersonic cruise vehicles is examined with focus on the flow at the nozzle flap and the corresponding separation of the boundary layer. Two wind tunnel models are used to analyze the interaction of the free stream and the nozzle flow and the flow at the flap in detail. A finite element flow code is employed to support the design of the flap model and the analysis of the flow.Comparative contour studies show that the size and the location of the separation at the flap cowl and therefore the aerodynamic quality can be influenced by optimizing the flap cowl contour. The position of the separation is measured for different contours and varying Reynolds numbers at laminar, transitional and turbulent flow conditions. Numerical studies of a nozzle/afterbody configuration suggest an improvement of up to 3.5% in axial thrust for optimized flap contours in the examined Mach range between 1.64 and 6. At the same time the rotation of the thrust vector is reduced by up to 5° at lower Mach numbers.