建筑物附近气流特征及湍流扩散的模拟试验

用非静力、能量闭合的大气边界层模式对建筑物附近的气流和湍流特征进行了模拟,为了检验模拟结果,将风场和湍流场输入到扩散模式获得了建筑物附近腔区和尾流区内的污染物浓度分布。结果与同样条件下的风洞测试的结果吻合。本文研究结果表明,在来流风速增大的情况下,建筑物下游的尾流区范围变化不大,而腔区范围增大,湍流运动增强。本文所用方法比采用拟合经验公式描述尾流、腔区的特征更能反映不同建筑物、不同来流的影响。     

近壁区理论耗散率模型的改进

提出了在边界层的近壁区,采用共振三波的理论模型描述湍流边界层相干结构,由此解决了对称三维波理论模型不能处理三阶相关量的问题,根据新的理论模型对ε方程逐项进行计算和分析.与原理论模型计算结果相比,本文理论结果与直接数值模拟(DNS)符合更好.     

A new stationary droplet evaporation model and its validation

The liquid droplet evaporation character is important for not only combustion chamber design process but also high-accuracy spray combustion simulation.In this paper,the suspended droplets' evaporation character was measured in a quiescent high-temperature environment by micro high-speed camera system.The gasoline and kerosene experimental results are consistent with the reference data.Methanol,common kerosene and aviation kerosene droplet evaporation characteristics,as well as their evaporation rate changing with temperature,were obtained.The evaporation rate experimental data were compared with the prediction result of Ranz-Marshall boiling temperature model (RMB),Ranz-Marshall low-temperature model (RML),drift flux model (DFM),mass analogy model (MAM),and stagnant film model (SFM).The disparity between the experimental data and the model prediction results was mainly caused by the neglect of the nat ural convection effect,which was never introduced into the droplet evaporation concept.A new droplet evaporation model with consideration of natural convection buoyancy force effect was proposed in this paper.Under the experimental conditions in this paper,the calculation results of the new droplet evaporation model were agreed with the experimental data for kerosene,methanol and other fuels,with less than 20％ relative deviations.The relative deviations between the new evaporation model predictions for kerosene and the experimental data from the references were within 10％.     

蛇形进气道地面工作状态附面层抽吸试验研究

对一种蛇形进气道开展了地面工作状态下的抽吸试验研究,结果表明,在该状态下进气道出口截面的总压恢复系数较低、流场畸变较大。为此,本文采用附面层抽吸技术对其进行了地面抽吸状态下的流场控制试验研究。研究结果表明:(1)地面工作状态下,随着出口马赫数的增加,蛇形进气道出口截面的总压恢复系数不断下降,而稳态周向畸变指数、紊流度和综合畸变指数均上升,稳态径向畸变指数变化不大。本研究的蛇形进气道在出口马赫数为0.45时,总压恢复系数为0.90,综合畸变指数为13.85%,总压恢复较低,畸变较大,超出了一般航空发动机的承受范围。(2)与原型方案的地面抽吸试验结果相比,采用附面层抽吸技术后,进气道出口截面的总压恢复系数得到了提高。在出口马赫数为0.45,相对抽吸量为0.043时总压恢复系数提高了2.6%。     

圆柱尾涡/边界层相互作用中二次涡特性研究

应用流动显示的方法研究水槽中上游圆柱绕流尾涡与平板边界层的相互作用,发现边界层外的尾涡可以诱导边界层内流体产生新的二次涡结构,对二次涡的产生条件、形成机理和演化规律进行了探讨.结果表明:尾涡/二次涡的相互作用是尾涡与边界层相互作用的核心,尾涡涡脱落St数的变化、尾涡反弹现象、边界层内二次涡的产生和尾涡/二次涡相互作用的不同形态等均与无量纲参数yc/D有关(yc为圆柱距离平板的法向位置,D为圆柱直径),并可以此参数对尾涡/边界层相互作用的特性进行分区.     

超声速边界层三维扰动引起小激波的数值研究

通过直接数值模拟的方法,研究了M=4.5的超声速边界层中三维扰动的演化。以某一剖面为入口,加入一个及一对三维T-S波,发现随展向波数的增加,扰动幅值的增长率逐渐减小,证实了M=4.5的超声速边界层中,当三维扰动达到一定幅值时会有小激波出现,为建立可压缩流动稳定性理论提供了依据。     

非轴对称静子对压气机气动性能的影响

为降低进气畸变对压气机气动性能的影响,设计了 1种压气机非轴对称静子,并对设计方案开展数值模拟研究。仿真结果表明:在最高效率工况下,非轴对称静子能减小畸变区静叶的流动分离,缩小叶尖低密流区域,提升通道的流通能力,压气机的最高效率约增加 0.46%,此外,畸变区叶片进口气流角得到改善,在 90%叶高处的峰值气流角降低 2.5°;在近失速工况下,非轴对称静子能降低畸变区静叶上半叶高的扩压因子,缩小分离范围,虽略微恶化了叶根区域流场,但压气机整体气动性能与流通能力有所提升,能够在更低的流量下工作,稳定裕度增加 31.5%。     

阳极层霍尔推力器的阳极分段形式对内磁极刻蚀速率的影响

由于推力器内径向电势和等离子体的分布会影响轰击推力器器壁离子的运动,本文通过阳极的不同分段形式来改变推力器内电势分布,进而研究推力器阳极的不同分段形式对内磁极的刻蚀速率分布。首先利用PIC方法研究入射离子的数量和能量分布,接着对内磁极内表面和上表面的刻蚀速率进行仿真计算。由结果可知：入射到内磁极两个面上的离子数量和能量,都是在三分段阳极时达到最大值,其他三种情况偏低。对于内磁极内表面和上表面的刻蚀速率也是在三分段阳极时最大,其次是单阳极,而二、四分段阳极时的刻蚀速率最小。最后通过单阳极和二分段阳极时刻蚀速率的试验结果对比,验证了此研究结果的正确性,为下一步提高推力器的寿命研究提供了参考数据和研究方法。     

Strong interactions of incident shock wave with boundary layer along compression corner

The coherent structure and instability of the interaction of incident shock wave with boundary layer developing on a compression corner are experimentally studied. The experiments are carried out in a supersonic wind tunnel of Mach number 2. Particular attention is paid to shock patterns and unsteady shock motions induced by the separation bubble. The high-speed schlieren is used to visualize the flowfield evolution and to characterize the instability. The snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition of schlieren sequences is applied to investigate the primary coherent structure in the flowfield. Fast Fourier transform and continuous wavelet transformation are applied to characterize the instability. The results show that there are large-scale low-frequency oscillations of the shock waves and small-scale high-frequency pulsations in the separation region. The peak frequency of shock oscillation is mainly concentrated in the range of 100–1000 Hz. The pulsation of the small flow structure in the separation bubble is mainly concentrated above 12.5 kHz. Based on the results of experimental analysis, the preliminary mechanism of the large-scale instability of such interaction is obtained.     

A regional model for the prediction of M(3000)F2 over East Asia

Research on empirical or physical models of ionospheric parameters is one of the important topics in the field of space weather and communication support services. To improve the accuracy of predicting the monthly median ionospheric propagating factor at 3000 km of the F2 layer (identified as M(3000)F2) for high frequency radio wave propagation, a model based on modified orthogonal temporal–spatial functions is proposed. The proposed model has three new characteristics: (1) The solar activity parameters of sunspot number and the 10.7-cm solar radio flux are together introduced into temporal reconstruction. (2) Both the geomagnetic dip and its modified value are chosen as features of the geographical spatial variation for spatial reconstruction. (3) A series of harmonic functions are used to represent the M(3000)F2, which reflects seasonal and solar cycle variations. The proposed model is established by combining nonlinear regression for three characteristics with harmonic analysis by using vertical sounding data over East Asia. Statistical results reveal that M(3000)F2 calculated by the proposed model is consistent with the trend of the monthly median observations. The proposed model is better than the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model by comparison between predictions and observations of six station, which illustrates that the proposed model outperforms the IRI model over East Asia. The proposed method can be further expanded for potentially providing more accurate predictions for other ionospheric parameters on the global scale.