Effects of dust polarity and nonextensive electrons on the dust-ion acoustic solitons and double layers in earth atmosphere

Propagation of dustion acoustic solitary waves (DIASWs) and double layers is discussed in earth atmosphere, using the Sagdeev potential method. The best model for distribution function of electrons in earth atmosphere is found by fitting available data on different distribution functions. The nonextensive function with parameter $q=0.58$ provides the best fit on observations. Thus we analyze the propagation of localized waves in an unmagnetized plasma containing nonextensive electrons, inertial ions, and negatively/positively charged stationary dust. It is found that both compressive and rarefactive solitons as well as double layers exist depending on the sign (and the value) of dust polarity. Characters of propagated waves are described using the presented model.     

船尾形状对旋成体马格努斯效应的影响

尖头旋成体和船尾形状是子弹、炮弹及火箭弹等抛射体上常用的布局形式。研究表明船尾布局具有减小底部阻力、增大射程的作用,但此时旋成体的马格努斯效应增大,对运动稳定性产生不利影响。为了解释这种流动现象,对三维旋转弹流场进行了数值模拟,对从亚声速到超声速下的旋成体马格努斯力和力矩进行了分析,重点对标准形状和船尾形状两种底部进行了比较。结果表明,相对于标准形状,在所有来流下船尾形状都起到了增大马格努斯效应的作用,并且马格努斯力和力矩与船尾角成正比。为了揭示其流动机理,选择代表性计算状态对两种布局马格努斯力矩系数分布、边界层厚度分布和边界层位移厚度分布进行了对比分析,结果表明,在亚跨声速下船尾马格努斯效应由绕拐角的加速流动引起,使当地压力系数幅值增大;在超声速下船尾马格努斯效应由船尾段的气流膨胀引起,使旋成体左右两侧的边界层位移厚度畸变增大。上述两种效应都使马格努斯力矩增加,对于亚声速流动来说,该效应发生在柱段与船尾段连接位置;对于超声速流动来说,该效应发生在连接点以后的船尾段上。当来流速度在声速点附近时,上述两种效应都可能发挥作用,使船尾形状的旋成体马格努斯效应大幅增加。     

下单翼布局飞机不同整流减阻特性研究

下单翼常规布局飞机的机翼机身结合处存在严重的相互干扰,该处的附面层堆积是造成气流分离的主要原因,分离会致使飞机的阻力增加。通过整流将机翼机身结合处的附面层外推,在远前方来流的作用下吹除,通过减小附面层厚度减小阻力;对比分析三种不同整流方案的特点,并进行数值分析。结果表明:本文的三种整流减阻方案能够达到整流减阻的效果,改善了气动性能,可为下单翼常规布局飞机整流减阻提供参考。     

风扇转子叶片前缘精细维修方案及流动特性分析

以某小型大涵道比涡扇发动机风扇转子作为研究目标,在前缘侵蚀对风扇转子气动特性衰退研究的基础上,开展叶片前缘维修方案的研究。鉴于当前采用人工打磨维修手段引起的前缘气动性能的不确定性,针对侵蚀叶片前缘进行精细参数化控制,利用遗传算法寻求几何约束下的前缘最佳维修优化方案。数值计算结果显示,通过前缘优化设计能够显著地提升前缘侵蚀叶片气动特性。相比于前缘侵蚀叶片,最佳维修方案叶片的等熵效率值在设计点和近喘点附近分别提高了1.21%和3.01%,基本恢复至原始叶片水平,展现出了优秀的气动特性。叶片前缘对于风扇转子叶片吸力面附面层发展影响明显,最佳前缘维修方案能够有效地降低近前缘边界层厚度,降低附面层内部的流动损失。     

Numerical simulation of compression corner flows at Mach number 9

A hypersonic vehicle encounters a wide range of conditions during its complete flight regime. These flight conditions may vary from low to high Mach numbers with varying angles of attack. The near-wall viscous dissipation associated with flows at combined high Mach and Reynolds numbers leads to significant wall heat transfer rates and shear stresses. The shock wave/boundary-layer interaction results in a flow separation region, which commonly augments total pressure losses in the flow and lowers the efficiency of aerodynamic control surfaces such as fins installed on a vehicle. The standard turbulence models, when used to resolve such flows, result in incorrect separation bubble size for large separated flows. Therefore, it results in an inaccurate aerodynamic load, such as the wall pressures, skin friction distribution, and heat transfer rate. In previous studies, the application of the shock-unsteadiness correction to the standard two-equation k-ω turbulence model improved the separation bubble size leading to an accurate pressure prediction and shock definition with the assumption of constant Prandtl number. In the present work, the new shock-unsteadiness modification to the k-ω turbulence model is applied to the hypersonic compression corner flows. This new model with variable Prandtl number is based on the model parameter, which depends upon the local density ratio. The computed wall pressures, heat flux and flow field are compared to the experimental data. A parametric study is carried out by varying compression deflection angles, free stream Reynolds number and wall temperatures to compute the flow field and wall data accurately, particularly in the shock boundary layer interaction region. The new shock-unsteadiness modified k-ω model with variable Prandtl number shows an accurate prediction of initial pressure rise location, pressure distribution in the plateau region and heat flux in comparison to the standard k-ω model.     

等离子体片边界层中静电不稳定性产生的波-粒动量交换率

本文介绍了非均匀等离子体片外边缘离子束流-密度梯度漂移不稳定性的二级理论。二级动量交换率的计算表明, 模型等离子体中冷、暖束流离子的场向动量以及暖束流离子的横向动量可以被静电波来减小。这些波是由离子束流-密度梯度漂移不稳定性产生的。这些结果对于理解等离子体片外边缘等离子体的各向同性化和热化是很有用的。      

磁尾静电离子束流-密度漂移不稳定性的数值研究

本文研究了磁尾等离子体片边界层宽频带静电噪声的产生机制.模型等离子体由暖的背景电子、暖的向地球方向的离子束流和较冷的向尾方向的离子束流组成.结果表明,静电离子束流-密度漂移不稳定性可以在比较宽的频率范围内激发,在低频区大传播角方向上增长率最大,在高频区小传播角方向上增长率也比较大。最大增长率的方向取决于离子束流和密度漂移的速度比值.这些结果与磁尾观测到的宽频带静电噪声特征符合一致.      

隔离段内超声速流动摩擦阻力分析

以超燃冲压发动机等截面隔离段内部流动阻力特性为研究背景,以数值模拟和实验测量为研究手段,研究马赫数2.5来流条件下,平板流动和带激波反射流动条件下的壁面摩擦阻力.实验测量得到了超声速流动下的壁面摩擦阻力.研究发现,当激波反射形成局部微小分离时,激波和边界层的相互作用使得分离区下游的壁面剪切应力恢复为比分离区上游稍高水平.存在激波反射时,壁面总的摩擦阻力略大于无激波时的平板流动.     

平流层飞艇囊体气密层材料及氦气透过聚合物研究现状

 平流层飞艇是一种依靠主气囊充满轻于空气的气体的浮力在18～24 km高空工作的重要的低速近空间飞行器,飞艇囊体气密层材料的气体阻隔性能特别是对氦气的阻隔性能是确保平流层飞艇正常工作和延长驻空时间的关键技术。在介绍飞艇气囊工作原理的基础上,分析了平流层飞艇对囊体材料性能的要求,重点分析了对组成层压结构囊体的气密层材料的性能要求和选材依据,并对气体透过聚合物薄膜的一般过程和机理进行了阐述。详细归纳了国内外对用做浮空气体的氦气透过聚合物的研究现状,指出高阻隔气密层材料的国产化是中国发展平流层飞艇所面临的一个瓶颈问题。