二元超音速进气道进气口内流动的动态特性及相干分析

本文着重研究起飞状态下二元超音速进气道进气口内气流流动的动态特性。实验结果表明,在唇口分离区再附着点下游的靠近唇口壁面和在几何喉道下游邻近的通道截面中部,各有一个强的气流总压脉动区,其最大紊流度达0.0825;而平均紊流度约为0.06。若对唇口内侧分离流采取有效的控制,紊流度峰值大大下降,平均紊流度由0.06降为0.032～0.031(在截面)。文中还就进气口内气流的总压信号与几何喉道附近气流的总压作了较为详细的相干分析。指出,在对唇口分离流采取有效措施之后,可以明显地改善其相干性。     

Influence of coupled boundary layer suction and bowed blade on flow field and performance of a diffusion cascade

Based on the investigation of mid-span local boundary layer suction and positive bowed cascade, a coupled local tailored boundary layer suction and positive bowed blade method is developed to improve the performance of a highly loaded diffusion cascade with less suction slot. The effectiveness of the coupled method under different inlet boundary layers is also investigated.Results show that mid-span local boundary layer suction can effectively remove trailing edge separation, but deteriorate the flow fields near the endwall. The positive bowed cascade is beneficial for reducing open corner separation, but is detrimental to mid-span flow fields. The coupled method can further improve the performance and flow field of the cascade. The mid-span trailing edge separation and open corner separation are eliminated. Compared with linear cascade with suction, the coupled method reduces overall loss of the cascade by 31.4% at most. The mid-span loss of the cascade decreases as the suction coefficient increases, but increases as bow angle increases. The endwall loss increases as the suction coefficient increases. By contrast, the endwall loss decreases significantly as the bow angle increases. The endwall loss of coupled controlled cascade is higher than that of bowed cascade with the same bow angle because of the spanwise inverse ‘‘C" shaped static pressure distribution. Under different inlet boundary layer conditions, the coupled method can also improve the cascade effectively.     

半开式离心泵叶顶间隙对泵性能稳定性的影响

为提高火箭发动机涡轮泵性能稳定性,应用边界层理论进行了半开式离心泵叶顶间隙流动特性研究,利用边界层动量积分方程对叶顶间隙内边界层厚度进行求解,并开展了不同叶顶间隙泵性能试验及流场数值模拟研究.结果表明,当叶顶间隙值等于间隙内边界层厚度值时,间隙泄漏涡不再增强,可获得稳定的泵性能;当叶顶间隙过大,会使泵容积效率降低,导致泵性能急剧下降.该理论方法可作为设计过程确定半开式离心泵叶顶间隙的重要参考.     

动叶周向前弯对附面层的影响

本文利用计及旋转和曲率、沿弦长压力梯度影响的三维附面层积分方法, 对前弯动叶片和直动叶片在变工况下的气动性能进行了模拟、比较和分析。得出了叶片周向前弯后, 叶顶部分的附面层减薄, 二次流损失减小的结论, 与实验结果吻合; 验证了前弯叶片相对直叶片提高效率、扩大稳定工作范围的实验结果。      

Experimental investigation on aero-heating of rudder shaft within laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers

The aero-heating of the rudder shaft region of a hypersonic vehicle is very harsh, as the peak heat flux in this region can be even higher than that at the stagnation point. Therefore, studying the aero-heating of the rudder shaft is of great significance for designing the thermal protection system of the hypersonic vehicle. In the wind tunnel test of the aero-heating effect, we find that with the increase of the angle of attack of the lifting body model, the increasement of the heat flux of the rudder shaft is larger under laminar flow conditions than that under turbulent flow conditions. To understand this, we design a wind tunnel experiment to study the effect of laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers on the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the same wind tunnel freestream conditions. The experiment is carried out in the ?2 m shock tunnel(FD-14 A) affiliated to the China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center(CARDC). The laminar boundary layer on the model is triggered to a turbulent one by using vortex generators, which are 2 mm-high diamonds. The aero-heating of the rudder shaft(with the rudder) and the protuberance(without the rudder) are studied in both hypersonic laminar and turbulent boundary layers under the same freestream condition. The nominal Mach numbers are 10 and 12, and the unit Reynolds numbers are2.4 × 10~6 m~(-1) and 2.1 × 10~6 m-1. The angle of attack of the model is 20°, and the deflection angle of the rudder and the protuberance is 10°. The heat flux on the model surface is measured by thin film heat flux sensors, and the heat flux distribution along the center line of the lifting body model suggests that forced transition is achieved in the upstream of the rudder. The test results of the rudder shaft and the protuberance show that the heat flux of the rudder shaft is lower in the turbulent flow than that in the laminar flow, but the heat flux of the protuberance is the other way around,i.e., lower in the laminar flow than in the turbulent flow. The wind tunnel test results is also validated by numerical simulations. Our analysis suggests that this phenomenon is due to the difference of boundary layer velocities caused by different thickness of boundary layer between laminar and turbulent flows, as well as the restricted flow within the rudder gap. When the turbulent boundary layer is more than three times thicker than that of the laminar boundary layer, the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the laminar flow condition is higher than that under the turbulent flow condition. Discovery of this phenomenon has great importance for guiding the design of the thermal protection system for the rudder shaft of hypersonic vehicles.     

空间流场显示的一种新方法──激光片光运动法

用一套能在气垫滑轨上平稳运动的激光片光运动系统，对湍流边界层及其拟序结构进行了空间流场显示，并对其应用范围、使用方法和技术等进行了研究。实验结果表明，这种空间显示法不仅能够较好地揭示流场的空间结构，而且与其它空间流场显示法相比，具有费用低，操作方便，应用范围较广，易于对照片进行准确的定量分析等优点。     

跨音速压气机附面层组合抽吸方案对比分析

以NASA Rotor35为研究对象,应用数值模拟方法深入研究了叶表抽吸和端壁抽吸的不同抽吸组合布局对该跨音速压气机流场结构以及其性能影响规律.研究结果表明:四种抽吸组合在不同的抽吸量下均使压气机的压比和效率有所提高,相对叶表抽吸或端壁抽吸,其在较大的抽吸量时对压气机性能的提升较大,在抽吸量Sc=2.0%时最佳抽吸组合...     

不同边界层厚度下高马赫数进气道自起动过程研究

为了探寻入口边界层厚度变化对高马赫数进气道自起动性能的影响,对简化的二元高马赫数进气道的加速自起动过程进行数值仿真研究,分析了边界层厚度对自起动过程中流场波系结构变化和自起动性能的影响机制,获得了不同边界层厚度下的进气道自起动性能及主分离包高度的变化规律。结果表明:随着边界层相对厚度从0.05增加至0.3,进气道的自起动马赫数一开始保持不变,然后快速增大;相同主流条件下,不起动流场跨越主分离包无量纲压升和主分离包高度随边界层相对厚度的增大均变小;边界层动量损失厚度和跨越主分离包无量纲压升对进气道起动性能影响重大。     

Hemisphere-coupled modeling of nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances

Nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs), which have tilted frontal structures in the midlatitude ionosphere, are investigated by the midlatitude ionosphere electrodynamics coupling (MIECO) model in this study. It has been proposed that the electrodynamic coupling between the E and F regions plays an important role in generating MSTIDs within a few hours. An intriguing aspect of MSTIDs is that they were simultaneously observed at magnetic conjugate locations in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In order to study the hemisphere-coupled electrodynamics, the MIECO model has been upgraded to consist of two simulation domains for both hemispheres in which the electrostatic potential is solved by considering electrodynamics in both hemispheres. The simultaneous occurrence of MSTIDs at the magnetic conjugate stations has clearly been reproduced when the F-region neutral wind satisfies the unstable condition in both hemispheres and a sporadic-E layer is given only at the Northern (summer) Hemisphere. Even if the unstable condition is satisfied in the summer hemisphere, an unfavorable F-region neutral wind in the winter hemisphere largely suppresses the growth of MSTIDs in both hemispheres.     

一种利用自然能飞行的临近空间浮空器研究

为实现临近空间浮空器的持久区域驻留和机动飞行,文章所研究的一种利用自然能飞行的临近空间浮空器利用自然界的热能和风能,通过简易可行的技术手段实现飞行高度和轨迹的控制,有望解决临近空间浮空器面临的能源问题和热问题。文章介绍了该新型浮空器的系统组成和主要特点,分析了该新型浮空器在设计最大运行高度处的浮重平衡,进行了系统设计参数的分析。该新型浮空器由超热空气和氦气提供浮力,计算结果表明氦气囊所占比例越大,所需的浮空器半径越小,且随着设计最大运行高度的升高及超热值的减小,所需的浮空器半径增大。