基于改进多目标布谷鸟搜索算法的翼型气动优化设计

布谷鸟搜索（CS）算法是一种新型的受自然现象启发的元启发式智能优化算法，其强大的全局搜索能力和收敛速度受到了广泛关注。多目标布谷鸟搜索（MOCS）算法是一种在单目标布谷鸟算法基础上发展的可以直接求解Pareto解集的多目标优化算法。针对原始MOCS算法的不足，采用一系列措施以提高算法的收敛精度、收敛速度以及解的均匀性：通过引入非支配排序与拥挤距离来改进解的适应度评估；通过改进随机游走策略来提高局部搜索能力；通过引入改进的自适应丢弃概率策略来提高算法的收敛速度；加入档案管理机制，提高解的均匀性。典型的多目标数值算例结果表明，改进的MOCS算法相较于当前主流的NSGA-Ⅱ算法拥有更快的收敛速度和更高的收敛精度。以RAE2822双目标升阻比优化设计为例，将改进的MOCS算法应用于多目标气动优化中，改进的MOCS算法共获得64个Pareto解，优化后的翼型气动性能有明显的提升，设计者可以根据自己的偏好选取不同的Pareto解。对于气动优化问题，改进的MOCS算法与目前主流的NSGA-Ⅱ相比，收敛速度更快。     

A methodology for simulating 2D shock-induced dynamic stall at flight test-based fluctuating freestream

A comprehensive methodology for simulating 2 D dynamic stall at fluctuating freestream is proposed in this paper.2 D CFD simulation of a SC1095 airfoil exposed to a fluctuating freestream of Mach number 0.537 ± 0.205 and Reynolds number 6.1 × 10~6(based on the mean Mach number) and undergoing a 10° ± 10° pitch oscillation with a frequency of 4.25 Hz was conducted.These conditions were selected to be representative of the flow experienced by a helicopter rotor airfoil section in a real-life fast forward flight.Both constant freestream dynamic stall as well as fluctuating freestream dynamic stall simulations were conducted and compared.The methodology was carefully validated with experimental data for both transonic flow and dynamic stall under fluctuating freestream.Overall, the results suggest that the fluctuating freestream alters the dynamic stall mechanism documented for constant freestream in a major way, emphasizing that inclusion of this effect in the prediction of dynamic stall related rotor loads is imperative for rotor performance analysis and blades design.     

低速通用飞机机翼低成本精细化设计

针对低速通用飞机升阻特性的低成本精细化设计,通过合理地简化模型,建立了一种将翼型升阻比曲线斜率作为附加设计约束的机翼工程优化设计方法。基于该优化设计方法,利用低成本快速设计分析工具开展了优化设计,并对设计方法及结果进行了风洞试验验证。试验结果表明,所提方法能够有效提高机翼最大升阻比,同时使最大升阻比对应的升力系数逼近巡航工况,进一步挖掘了低速通用飞机的经济性潜力。     

Numerical study of a supercritical airfoil/wing with variable-camber technology

Variable-camber technology is considered an effective way to adaptively improve the aerodynamic performance of aircraft under various flight conditions. This paper studies the aerodynamic characteristics of the trailing-edge variable-camber technology by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and a drag decomposition method. Trailing-edge variable-camber technology can be simply realized by the continuous deflection of the flaps and ailerons of a wing. A supercritical airfoil is used to study the two-dimensional effect of variable-camber technology, and a wide-body airplane model is used to validate the three-dimensional improvement in the wing's airfoil made by variable-camber technology. An optimization strategy for airfoil that incorporates variable-camber technology is proposed. The optimization results demonstrate that the proposed method can obtain better results than the traditional segregated shape optimization.     

布泽曼双翼及其壅塞问题研究

为了降低超音速飞行时产生的波阻,通过斜激波基本公式建立了设计马赫数为2的布泽曼双翼翼型,借助CFD软件计算其升阻特性,并与菱形单翼翼型作对比,同时分析了在非设计条件下布泽曼双翼翼型的壅塞问题.结果表明,布泽曼双翼在设计马赫数下,其波阻较传统菱形单翼降低90％,壅塞问题也得到很好地解决.     

非结构网格在积冰数值模拟中的应用

基于非结构网格对翼型表面的积冰进行了数值模拟研究.通过求解气体欧拉方程得到翼型的绕流流场,使用穿透型壁面边界模拟水滴对翼型表面的撞击,采用迭代法对水滴控制方程进行数值求解,得到翼型表面的水滴收集特性;采用不同的积冰冻结模型模拟霜冰和明冰的冻结过程;利用冰层时间推进法模拟积冰过程,基于积冰法向生长假设生成积冰外形.对NA...     

Application of Active Flow Control Technique for Gust Load Alleviation

A new gust load alleviation technique is presented in this paper based on active flow control. Numerical studies are conducted to investigate the beneficial effects on the aerodynamic characteristics of the quasi "Global Hawk" airfoil using arrays of jets during the gust process. Based on unsteady Navier-Stokes equations, the grid-velocity method is introduced to simulate the gust influence, and dynamic response in vertical gust flow perturbation is investigated for the airfoil as well. An unsteady surface transpiration boundary condition is enforced over a user specified portion of the airfoil’s surface to emulate the time dependent velocity boundary conditions. Firstly, after applying this method to simulate typical NACA0006 airfoil gust response to a step change in the angle of attack, it shows that the indicial responses of the airfoil make good agreement with the exact theoretical values and the calculated values in references. Furthermore, gust response characteristic for the quasi "Global Hawk" airfoil is analyzed. Five kinds of flow control techniques are introduced as steady blowing, steady suction, unsteady blowing, unsteady suction and synthetic jets. The physical analysis of the influence on the effects of gust load alleviation is proposed to provide some guidelines for practice. Numerical results have indicated that active flow control technique,as a new technology of gust load alleviation, can affect and suppress the fluid disturbances caused by gust so as to achieve the purpose of gust load alleviation.     

多相等离子体气动激励抑制翼型失速分离的实验

开展了多相等离子体气动激励抑制NACA0015翼型失速分离的实验,详细研究了翼型升阻特性随激励电压、激励相角、输入电压波形和占空比等激励参数的影响.研究表明:雷诺数Re=4.9×105(来流速度60m/s)时,多相等离子体气动激励可有效抑制NACA0015翼型吸力面的流动分离,将翼型临界失速攻角提高2°;相位对流动控制...     

刷毛翼型尾缘噪声控制实验研究

利用具有全消声环境的低速开口风洞研究了采用翼型尾缘刷毛来控制翼型噪声的方法,研究了不同迎角情况下不同长度和间距刷毛对翼型远声场气动噪声的影响以及翼型表面压力的影响,并把该方法与锯齿尾缘降噪方法对比,研究了不同工况下两种降噪方案对降噪效果的影响。实验结果表明,翼型尾缘附加刷毛是一种可行的降噪方案,尤其对中低频段具有比较明显的降低效果;降噪效果与刷毛的间距和长度有关;尾缘刷毛与锯齿尾缘相比具有更优的降噪效果。附加刷毛对翼型壁面动态压力载荷的影响较小。     

翼型极大迎角风洞试验技术研究

在NF-3风洞的二元试验段开展了翼型极大迎角（±180°）条件下气动特性的试验技术研究。针对翼型极大迎角风洞试验的洞壁干扰,提出了风洞壁压信息洞壁干扰修正的改进方法。试验结果表明,发展的试验技术和提出的洞壁干扰修正方法适合于翼型极大迎角试验。