平板/锯齿型Gurney襟翼对NACA0012翼型增升实验研究

 在Re 为211@10⁶ 情况下进行的NACA0012 翼型Gurney 襟翼增升效应风洞实验研究表明, Gurney襟翼可使升力有很大提高, 0.5%平均气动弦长襟翼在C_L> 11 0 后即可提供较高的升阻比, 当C_L = 11 35 时,2%平均气动弦长襟翼获得了35%的最大升阻比增量; 翼型表面压力分布结果显示, Gur ney 襟翼增加了上翼面的吸力, 同时下翼面压力增强, 因而升力提高; 尾流速度型显示Gur ney 襟翼导致流经上翼面的流体在其后有明显下偏转, 这表明翼型有效弯度增大了; 襟翼上开出锯齿会同时导致升力和阻力下降, 但升阻比是否会提高则应视其是否更接近最佳高度的有效迎风面积。Gur ney 襟翼的最佳应用场合为中高升力系数情况( 如起飞、降落等), 在中小升力系数情况下不宜使用。     

Morphing wing flaps for large civil aircraft: Evolution of a smart technology across the Clean Sky program

Morphing wing structures are widely considered among the most promising technologies for the improvement of aerodynamic performances in large civil aircraft. The controlled adaptation of the wing shape to external operative conditions naturally enables the maximization of aircraft aerodynamic efficiency, with positive fallouts on the amount of fuel burned and pollutant emissions. The benefits brought by morphing wings at aircraft level are accompanied by the criticalities of the enabling technologies, mainly involving weight penalties, overconsumption of electrical power, and safety issues. The attempt to solve such criticalities passes through the development of novel design approaches, ensuring the consolidation of reliable structural solutions that are adequately mature for certification and in-flight operations. In this work, the development phases of a multimodal camber morphing wing flap, tailored for large civil aircraft applications, are outlined with specific reference to the activities addressed by the author in the framework of the Clean Sky program.The flap is morphed according to target shapes depending on aircraft flight conditions and defined to enhance high-lift performances during takeoff and landing, as well as wing aerodynamic efficiency during cruise. An innovative system based on finger-like robotic ribs driven by electromechanical actuators is proposed as morphing-enabling technology; the maturation process of the device is then traced from the proof of concept to the consolidation of a true-scale demonstrator for pre-flight ground validation tests. A step-by-step approach involving the design and testing of intermediate demonstrators is then carried out to show the compliance of the adaptive system with industrial standards and safety requirements. The technical issues encountered during the development of each intermediate demonstrator are critically analyzed, and justifications are provided for all the adopted engineering solutions. Finally, the layout of the true-scale demonstrator is presented, with emphasis on the architectural strengths, enabling the forthcoming validation in real operative conditions.     

叶型受感部设计及结构优化

设计了用于航空发动机压气机级间参数测量的叶型受感部。通过风洞校准试验,得出在不同来流速度条件下,压力叶型受感部的不敏感角范围及总压测量误差和温度叶型受感部的总温测量误差,确定了影响叶型受感部测量准确度的主要因素。在试验结果的基础上,对叶型受感部结构进行了优化。     

仿生学翼型尾缘锯齿降噪机理

采用大涡模拟与声类比的方法研究了尾缘锯齿对翼型自噪声的影响。以SD2030翼型为研究对象,设计的尾缘锯齿幅值为10%弦长,周期为4%弦长。模拟了来流速度为31 m/s、0° 攻角下直尾缘翼型与锯齿尾缘翼型的流场,对应的基于弦长的雷诺数约为310 000。详细分析了尾缘锯齿对翼型尾缘湍流流场的影响,并通过FW-H方程计算大涡模拟提取的声源项,得到直尾缘翼型与锯齿尾缘翼型的声场。研究发现,锯齿尾缘可以明显降低翼型中低频范围内的噪声,在4 000 Hz以下,窄带噪声最多可降低约16 dB。但尾缘锯齿对翼型气动性能有着不利影响。进一步研究表明,该状态下翼型噪声主要由层流边界层引起的涡脱落噪声主导,尾缘锯齿可以抑制层流边界层引起的涡脱落现象,降低翼型升力脉动与尾缘附近的表面压力脉动,减弱尾缘处的低频湍流脉动与涡量,并有效降低尾缘附近涡的展向相关性,这些因素的综合作用使得翼型自噪声降低。     

模拟厚度翼型非定常运动的涡方法

本文研究二维厚度翼型的大攻角非定常运动。用沿翼型表面分布的源和面涡来模拟翼型的厚度效应和升力效应,应用离散涡方法模拟前缘分离涡层和尾涡层。计算了大攻角翼型作俯仰运动的情形,与实验结果符合较好。     

旋翼翼型动态失速模型参数识别及应用

为了拓展Leishman-Beddoes(L-B)动态失速模型的应用范围,以适应特定翼型的动态失速分析,在详细分析L-B动态失速模型特点的基础上,提出一种模型参数的识别方法。以SC-1095翼型为例,采用其静态升阻特性数据,对L-B动态失速模型中的参数进行了识别,并据此对该翼型的动态失速升阻特性进行了数值计算,计算结果与试验值吻合良好。     

低速翼型多点／多目标优化设计方法研究

进行了基于响应面优化方法的低速翼型多点／多目标多约束设计方法研究。分析了完全二阶多项式模型（完全模型）和不含二阶交叉项的多项式模型（简化模型）对优化的影响,并分别进行了单目标和多目标的优化设计。结果表明多目标优化可以改善单目标设计的翼型性能在设计点附近取得极值的局限,而且用简化模型进行的更多设计变量的设计结果要优于完整模型的设计结果。     

耦合梯度与分级Kriging模型的高效气动优化方法

Kriging代理模型中引入梯度信息能够提高模型的预测精度,但常规耦合梯度的方法都有不足之处。本文结合分级Kriging模型,提出了一种变可信度分级Kriging模型耦合梯度（GEHK）信息的新方法。首先利用梯度信息,选取扰动步长得到初始样本点附近的派生点,以派生点拟合出能够预测目标函数趋势的低精度Kriging模型。然后以初始样本点修正该模型得到高精度的Kriging模型。翼型减阻优化设计算例表明,与常规耦合梯度的Kriging模型相比,基于分级Kriging的梯度耦合方法对于扰动步长引入的误差不敏感,明显提高了模型预测精度,优化效率因此提升并使得目标函数值下降得更加迅速。相比Euler解作为低精度数据的常规分级Kriging模型,由梯度信息得到的派生点为模型提供了更准确的全局趋势预测,取得了更好的优化结果。本文方法成功应用于翼型多点减阻优化问题,说明该方法对复杂设计问题有很好的适应性。基于分级Kriging模型的耦合梯度方法克服了常规方法的缺点,提高了模型全局拟合精度,是一种优化效率更高的Kriging方法。     

不可压缩实际粘性流体绕流孤立翼型的数值研究

本文提出了基于微分-积分方程组求解N-S方程的有限差分法求解不可压缩实际粘性流体绕孤立翼型流动。计算中采用了K-ε湍流模型结合考虑逆压梯度的壁面函数法,并导出任意非正交曲线坐标系下的压力修正方法和适用于大流通量的混合格式。分别计算了层流和湍流情况下带分离翼型绕流,与流动显示及实验数据比较表明,在预测分离点位置,翼型表面压力、平均速度分布、雷诺切应力uv方面,两者吻合,结果是满意的。     

充气结构机翼的设计和试验研究

为了减少无人机的结构重量,提高雷达隐身能力,充气结构机翼无人机是一种很有发展潜力的飞行器。首先讨论了一种充气机翼的设计方案与加工方法及对应的性能实验,其次着重介绍了充气机翼的翼型生成方法,最后通过实验与试飞论证了充气机翼在飞行中的可行性。