GRACE accelerometer calibration by high precision non-gravitational force modeling

The precise modeling and knowledge of non-gravitational forces acting on satellites is of big interest to many scientific tasks and missions. Since 2002, the twin GRACE satellites have measured these forces in a low Earth orbit with highly precise accelerometers, for about 15?years. Besides the significance for the GRACE mission, these measurement data allow the evaluation of modeling approaches and the improvement of force models. Unfortunately, before any scientific usage, the accelerometer measurements need to be calibrated, namely scale factor and bias have to be regularly estimated.In this study we demonstrate an accelerometer calibration approach, solely based on high precision non-gravitational force modeling without any use of empirically or stochastically estimated parameters, using our in-house developed satellite simulation tool XHPS. The aim of this work is twofold, first we use the accelerometer data and the residuals resulting from the calibration to quantitatively analyze and validate different non-gravitational force model approaches. In a second step, we compare the calibration results to three different calibration methods from different authors, based on gravity field recovery, GPS-based precise orbit determination, and based on modeled accelerations.We consider atmospheric drag forces and winds, as well as radiation forces due to solar radiation pressure, albedo, Earth infrared and thermal radiation (TRP) of the satellite itself. For TRP, we investigate different transient temperature calculation approaches for the satellite surfaces with absorbed power from the aforementioned radiation sources. A detailed finite element model of the satellite is utilized for every force, considering orientation, material properties and shadowing conditions for each element.For cross-track and radial direction, which are mainly affected by the radiative forces, our calibration residuals are quite small when drag is not super dominant (1–3?$\text{nm}/{\text{s}}^2$ for total accelerations around $\pm$50?$\text{nm}/{\text{s}}^2$). For these directions the calibration seems to perform better than the other compared methods, where some bigger differences were found. For the drag dominated along-track direction it is vice versa, here our method is not sensitive enough because the difference between modeled and measured drag is bigger (e.g. residuals around 10?$\text{nm}/{\text{s}}^2$ for total accelerations around $\pm$70?$\text{nm}/{\text{s}}^2$ for low solar activity). In along-track direction the orbit determination based methods are more sensitive and produce more reliable results. Results for the complete GRACE mission time span from 2003 to 2017 are shown, covering different seasonal environmental conditions.     

转台中心轴线标定误差分析与修正

提出一种标定球和几何变换相结合的方法修正三维激光数字化系统中转台中心轴线的标定误差.该方法首先用8个不同旋转位置的标定球球心计算转台中心轴线,然后利用几何变换将不同位置的球心绕转台中心轴线旋转到零度位置,并计算与初始位置球心的偏差,依据不同位置球心旋转复位的偏差采用几何逆变换推导出转轴偏心的修正公式.在自行设计的三维激光线扫描测量平台上数据旋转拼合精度提高到0.07?mm,实现了多视旋转测量的数据点云在线自动拼合.与以前的方法相比,设计的转轴标定误差修正方法简单、高效,在其它安装转台的测量系统中同样适用.     

基于重构系统的永磁交流伺服系统在线转动惯量辨识

为了使伺服系统在负载变动下得到优良的动态响应,提出了一种基于实际电机控制系统输入输出构建的非线性可调重构模型,对实际系统进行重构,并根据收敛之后的重构模型参数,完成电机关键机械参数的准确辨识。其中,全维观测器用来获得电机负载转矩状态观测量,与输入电磁转矩一同作为所构建的自适应机构的输入参数;当可调重构系统的输出与实际系统的输出为无差收敛时,实现对实际系统的重构。仿真和试验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性,能够对模型中预设的不同转动惯量进行准确的辨识。     

粉末材料的变温介电常数测量

介绍了粉末材料介电常数变温测试系统,测试温度可达200℃。测试系统以传输/反射法为理论基础。测试系统有两个关键的部分,一是利用去嵌入技术去除转接头和垫片的影响;二是温度控制系统,该系统包括被测件的设计,隔热和温度分布情况等。利用该系统,对不同温度下模拟月壤的介电常数进行了测量,在不同温度下,模拟月壤LLB-07和月壤JSC-1A的介电常数非常接近,模拟月壤的介电常数及损耗正切随着温度的升高而增加。利用本文的测试系统能够实现粉末材料的变温介电常数测试。     

无依托状态加速度计的新型标定方法

为解决加速度计性能参数时变性的问题,提出了无依托状态下加速度计标定方法.在无需借助转台等传统标定设备、无需拆卸惯性元件的条件下,充分利用惯导系统(INS,Inertial Navigation System)自身资源,以静基座初始对准获得的准确姿态信息为前提,利用当地重力g作为标定基准,考虑到误差模型非线性的特点,引入非线性寻优策略辨识零位偏差,将误差模型蜕变为线性后,运用线性最小二乘方法辨识安装误差矩阵和刻度因数误差,从而实现加速度计关键参数标定.数值仿真结果显示:经过标定后加速度计测量误差可减小20倍,说明在无依托状态下具有工程实用价值.      

振动传感器随机校准方法和正弦校准方法的比较

文章采用随机校准方法和正弦校准方法对可能存在问题的B&K某型号振动传感器进行了校准,分别从发现问题的能力、校准所需要的时间以及可操作性上对这两种校准方法进行了比较,并提出在校准振动传感器时将两种方法相结合的建议。     

电荷放大器的校准及装置的不确定度评定

介绍了电荷放大器的构成、工作原理及校准电荷放大器的方法,并对装置的测量不确定度进行了评定。     

一种新型渗透法标准湿度发生器

针对低湿测量领域缺乏充分可靠的现场校准用标准湿度发生器的现状,采用内渗式渗透法原理研制了一种新型标准湿度发生器。该发生器通过采用水平设计多个渗透室,达到了现场校准＂操作简单、快速,便于携带＂的要求。其发生的露点温度范围为-60~-30℃,最大允许误差小于0.5℃。     

静电悬浮加速度计的地面重力倾角标定方法

静电悬浮加速度计是重力场测量卫星上的主要载荷之一,其传感头（飞行件）需要在环境试验前后进行地面重力倾角标定。由于敏感轴之间的耦合机理不同于传统加速度计,所用的模型方程亦有所差别;由于失准角远大于量程范围内的重力倾角,无法采用传统的静态标定法确定模型方程各参数。必须采取技术措施使得三阶非线性系数可以忽略,才能在专用摆台上用动态标定法大致判断标度因数和检验成对加速度计模型方程各参数的一致性,用电模拟法得到二阶非线性系数。对动态标定法,提出了防止频谱泄漏和幅度谱中压低噪声干扰幅度的措施。对电模拟法,用实例给出了具体实施方案和效果。