军事计量的挑战与对策

分析了军事计量的特点与面临的困难和挑战：1）人才队伍;2）知识体系;3）技术体系;4）计量标准设施。讨论了军事计量所必需解决的技术问题与所面临的未来技术挑战。提出了军事计量应对挑战的对策：1）顶层设计;2）法规制定;3）基础研究;4）构建独立知识体系;5）强化核心能力建设;6）军民融合。     

星敏感器低频误差分析

介绍星敏感器的误差分类、低频误差定义、误差产生原因及其测试标定方法等.星敏感器输出姿态周期性误差的主要原因为视场空间误差和热弹性变形误差,典型星敏感器采取相应的解决措施后,低频误差可控制在0.8″以内.     

基于labview的电涡流测距仪的设计

本文结合计算机等相关技术,提出了一种基于labview的电涡流传感器测量的方法。电涡流位移传感器存在非线性,人工标定存在误差,标定金属材料单一等矛盾,笔者通过实验与仿真研究来解决并在此基础上用labview软件实现了检测结果的界面显示。     

隔离信号调理模块自动校准系统设计

针对隔离信号调理模块型号多、参量多、使用量大,采用手动计量校准耗时耗力、容易出错、工作效率低等问题,在VEE Pro软件开发平台上,设计开发出一套隔离信号调理模块自动校准系统。该系统包括仪器信息记录、校准及打印输出三个主模块,测试过程采用实时测试显示,自动进行数据处理并存档。使用结果表明：该系统操作简便,提高了工作效率及准确度,降低了人为出错几率,确保了测试数据准确可靠。     

临近空间大气压力传感器现场校准装置研究

本文针对临近空间大气压力传感器现场校准需求,介绍了临近空间大气压力传感器现场校准装置工作原理, 进行理论分析与仿真,提出需突破的关键技术,给出了不确定度预估。     

GRACE accelerometer calibration by high precision non-gravitational force modeling

The precise modeling and knowledge of non-gravitational forces acting on satellites is of big interest to many scientific tasks and missions. Since 2002, the twin GRACE satellites have measured these forces in a low Earth orbit with highly precise accelerometers, for about 15?years. Besides the significance for the GRACE mission, these measurement data allow the evaluation of modeling approaches and the improvement of force models. Unfortunately, before any scientific usage, the accelerometer measurements need to be calibrated, namely scale factor and bias have to be regularly estimated.In this study we demonstrate an accelerometer calibration approach, solely based on high precision non-gravitational force modeling without any use of empirically or stochastically estimated parameters, using our in-house developed satellite simulation tool XHPS. The aim of this work is twofold, first we use the accelerometer data and the residuals resulting from the calibration to quantitatively analyze and validate different non-gravitational force model approaches. In a second step, we compare the calibration results to three different calibration methods from different authors, based on gravity field recovery, GPS-based precise orbit determination, and based on modeled accelerations.We consider atmospheric drag forces and winds, as well as radiation forces due to solar radiation pressure, albedo, Earth infrared and thermal radiation (TRP) of the satellite itself. For TRP, we investigate different transient temperature calculation approaches for the satellite surfaces with absorbed power from the aforementioned radiation sources. A detailed finite element model of the satellite is utilized for every force, considering orientation, material properties and shadowing conditions for each element.For cross-track and radial direction, which are mainly affected by the radiative forces, our calibration residuals are quite small when drag is not super dominant (1–3?$\text{nm}/{\text{s}}^2$ for total accelerations around $\pm$50?$\text{nm}/{\text{s}}^2$). For these directions the calibration seems to perform better than the other compared methods, where some bigger differences were found. For the drag dominated along-track direction it is vice versa, here our method is not sensitive enough because the difference between modeled and measured drag is bigger (e.g. residuals around 10?$\text{nm}/{\text{s}}^2$ for total accelerations around $\pm$70?$\text{nm}/{\text{s}}^2$ for low solar activity). In along-track direction the orbit determination based methods are more sensitive and produce more reliable results. Results for the complete GRACE mission time span from 2003 to 2017 are shown, covering different seasonal environmental conditions.     

转台中心轴线标定误差分析与修正

提出一种标定球和几何变换相结合的方法修正三维激光数字化系统中转台中心轴线的标定误差.该方法首先用8个不同旋转位置的标定球球心计算转台中心轴线,然后利用几何变换将不同位置的球心绕转台中心轴线旋转到零度位置,并计算与初始位置球心的偏差,依据不同位置球心旋转复位的偏差采用几何逆变换推导出转轴偏心的修正公式.在自行设计的三维激光线扫描测量平台上数据旋转拼合精度提高到0.07?mm,实现了多视旋转测量的数据点云在线自动拼合.与以前的方法相比,设计的转轴标定误差修正方法简单、高效,在其它安装转台的测量系统中同样适用.     

基于重构系统的永磁交流伺服系统在线转动惯量辨识

为了使伺服系统在负载变动下得到优良的动态响应,提出了一种基于实际电机控制系统输入输出构建的非线性可调重构模型,对实际系统进行重构,并根据收敛之后的重构模型参数,完成电机关键机械参数的准确辨识。其中,全维观测器用来获得电机负载转矩状态观测量,与输入电磁转矩一同作为所构建的自适应机构的输入参数;当可调重构系统的输出与实际系统的输出为无差收敛时,实现对实际系统的重构。仿真和试验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性,能够对模型中预设的不同转动惯量进行准确的辨识。     

粉末材料的变温介电常数测量

介绍了粉末材料介电常数变温测试系统,测试温度可达200℃。测试系统以传输/反射法为理论基础。测试系统有两个关键的部分,一是利用去嵌入技术去除转接头和垫片的影响;二是温度控制系统,该系统包括被测件的设计,隔热和温度分布情况等。利用该系统,对不同温度下模拟月壤的介电常数进行了测量,在不同温度下,模拟月壤LLB-07和月壤JSC-1A的介电常数非常接近,模拟月壤的介电常数及损耗正切随着温度的升高而增加。利用本文的测试系统能够实现粉末材料的变温介电常数测试。