超声速化学反应流场迎风格式数值模拟及并行计算

基于有限体积迎风格式对超声速燃烧流场进行了的数值模拟.由于超声速燃烧流场绕流的复杂性,要求对多组分Euler/N-S方程求解的数值模拟方法应具有较高的计算精度及效率.本文引用辅助点方法建立了具有空间二阶精度的van Leer迎风矢通量分裂格式,并应用于超声速燃烧流场绕流的数值模拟.化学反应为氢气/空气十反应模型,采用考虑了化学反应特征时间的当地时间步长显式Runge-Kutta时间推进格式.对钝头体模型爆轰现象、后向台阶氢气喷射及二维内外流超声速燃烧流场模型进行了区域分裂技术的并行计算.计算结果与参考文献作了对比,得到了满意的结果.     

具有初始动量的空间机械臂零反作用轨迹跟踪

对具有初始动量的自由漂浮空间机械臂系统进行了研究,考虑其执行在轨任务时便已经具有的动量,根据系统的构型参数建立运动学模型,再采用拉格朗日第二类方程建立动力学模型。利用空间机械臂系统具有冗余自由度这一特性,推导运动学和动力学方程,得到了零反作用运动方程,消除了基座和机械臂之间的角速度耦合作用。末端运动轨迹用多项式插值函数来逼近,根据给定的机械臂末端初始和终止状态来规划其运动轨迹,并将机械臂末端的工作空间转换到关节空间中。根据已知的动力学模型,设计合适的比例-微分（PD）控制率。仿真结果表明,通过选择合适的增益反馈矩阵,机械臂末端能平稳地跟踪目标轨迹,同时,机械臂的运动不会对基座的姿态产生扰动,保证了基座姿态的稳定性及航天器的正常运行。     

HTPB/TDI衬层与NEPE推进剂的界面反应机理

采用富立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和全反射红外光谱(FTIR/ATR),研究了半固化的HTPB/TDI衬层表面的活性基团以及不同的—NCO基团与不同羟基的反应速率。结果表明,半固化的HTPB/TDI衬层表面含有大量的—NCO基团;HTPB/TDI衬层和NEPE推进剂粘合剂相的—NCO基与—OH的交叉反应速度较NEPE推进剂的固化反应速度快得多。HTPB/TDI衬层与NEPE推进剂界面的化学反应机理是粘合剂相中—OH基和—NCO基的交叉反应,其中衬层中TDI分子的—NCO基与PEG分子的—OH基的反应速度稍快于NEPE推进剂中N100分子的—NCO基与HTPB分子的—OH基的反应;在界面区域,HTPB/TDI衬层与NEPE推进剂通过氨基甲酸酯键形成化学粘接。     

C/C喉衬热反应边界层内组分分布数值分析

为研究C/C喉衬热反应边界层内的组分浓度梯度变化规律,基于C/C喉衬的热化学烧蚀理论,建立了组分输运方程。采用有限速率化学反应模型,对C/C喉衬热反应边界层内的组分分布进行了数值研究。计算结果表明,喷管喉部的热化学烧蚀反应最为剧烈,边界层内的热化学烧蚀反应由化学动力学与组分扩散共同控制。推进剂中含铝与否对组分分布影响较大,燃烧室压强及喷管尺寸影响较小。     

氧化铝壳层对纳米铝粉的热反应特性影响研究

利用气氛保护管式炉对纳米铝粉分别进行了245℃和450℃的热处理,得到2种不同氧化铝壳层厚度和晶态结构的纳米铝粉Al-245和Al-450。XRD和XPS测试结果表明,Al-245的氧化铝壳层比Al-450薄,且壳层中的γ-Al2O3、θ-Al2O3和ε-Al2O3强度较低。相应的HRTEM表明,Al-245和Al-450都存在明显壳层,且Al-450有2个壳层。在TG-DSC中,氧化铝壳层较薄的Al-245的DSC起始反应温度和峰温分别为554.0℃和559.3℃,均低于Al-450的相应温度559.3℃和586.1℃,反应区间更窄,(Tp-Ton)仅为5.3℃,且初始氧化放热量4 652 J/g也远高于Al-450的1 681 J/g。在500～660℃间,Al-245增重21.3%,高于Al-450的10.1%,且Al-245的氧化速率0.38 mg/s也明显高于Al-450的0.033 mg/s。     

水反应金属燃料发动机三维两相燃烧数值模拟

用三维湍流N-S方程及颗粒轨道模型描述水反应金属燃料发动机内部喷雾两相湍流燃烧过程。通过耦合求解气液两相流模型方程,得到发动机燃烧流场。通过模拟Mg与水的反应,分析比较了一次和二次进水方案的不同流场特性。研究结果表明,二次进水方案更有利于火焰稳定和提高燃烧性能。     

Al-TiO2-C系原位合成铝基复合材料高温拉伸性能及断裂机理

讨论了Al-TiO2-C反应系原位反应合成铝基复合材料的常温和高温拉伸性能及其断裂机理.当C/TiO2摩尔比为0时,增强相由α-Al2O3和Al3Ti组成,随C/TiO2摩尔比的增加,Al3Ti逐渐减少,在C/TiO2摩尔比为1时,Al3Ti基本消失.室温抗拉强度和延伸率随C/TiO2摩尔比的增加而同步提高,分别由250.4 MPa和4.0%上升到350.8 MPa和6.0%.SEM观察发现有的Al3Ti自身解理开裂,并在四周形成较大韧窝,拉伸时裂纹核可在Al3Ti棒中和基体中α-Al2O3的聚集处形成,并分别在棒的解理面和基体中扩展引起断裂.高温时,热错配应力促使裂纹核先于基体在Al3Ti棒与基体的界面萌生扩展,Al3Ti从基体中脱离,断口出现洞坑,C/TiO2摩尔比为1的复合材料在727K时,拉伸强度降为93.3MPa,延伸率升为11.0%.     

IR radiation characteristics of rocket exhaust plumes under varying motor operating conditions

The infrared(IR) irradiance signature from rocket motor exhaust plumes is closely related to motor type,propellant composition,burn time,rocket geometry,chamber parameters and flight conditions.In this paper,an infrared signature analysis tool(IRSAT) was developed to understand the spectral characteristics of exhaust plumes in detail.Through a finite volume technique,flow field properties were obtained through the solution of axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations with the Reynolds-averaged approach.A refined 13-species,30-reaction chemistry scheme was used for combustion effects and a k-e-Rtturbulence model for entrainment effects.Using flowfield properties as input data,the spectrum was integrated with a line of sight(LOS) method based on a single line group(SLG) model with Curtis-Godson approximation.The model correctly predicted spectral distribution in the wavelengths of 1.50–5.50 lm and had good agreement for its location with imaging spectrometer data.The IRSAT was then applied to discuss the effects of three operating conditions on IR signatures:(a) afterburning;(b) chamber pressure from ignition to cutoff;and(c) minor changes in the ratio of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB) binder to ammonium perchlorate(AP) oxidizer in propellant.Results show that afterburning effects can increase the size and shape of radiance images with enhancement of radiation intensity up to 40%.Also,the total IR irradiance in different bands can be characterized by a non-dimensional chamber pressure trace in which the maximum discrepancy is less than 13% during ignition and engine cutoff.An increase of chamber pressure can lead to more distinct diamonds,whose distance intervals are extended,and the position of the first diamond moving backwards.In addition,an increase in HTPB/AP causes a significant jump in spectral intensity.The incremental rates of radiance intensity integrated in each band are linear with the increase of HTPB,and the growth rates of radiance intensities in some bands reach up to 50% as HTPB weight increases by 3%.     

The Nonlinear Model of the Response of Airglow to Gravity Waves

In this paper, we develope a time-dependent, nonlinear, photochemical-dynamical 2-D model which is composed of 3 models: dynamical gravity wave model, middle atmospheric photochemical model, and airglow layer photochemical model. We use the model to study the effect of the gravity wave propagation on the airglow layer. The comparison between the effects of the different wavelength gravity wave on the airglow emission distributions is made. When the vertical wavelength of the gravity wave is close to or is shorter than the thickness of the airglow layer, the gravity wave can make complex structure of the airglow layer, such as the double and multi-peak structures of the airglow layers. However, the gravity wave that has long vertical wavelength can make large scale perturbation of the airglow emission distribution.     

反应合成NiAl（Fe）—TiB2复合材料及其微观组织

研究了Ｆｅ对ＸＤ工艺原位生成ＮｉＡｌ－ＴｉＢ２复合材料室温压缩性能的影响及其微观机制。加入２５ａｔ％Ｆｅ元素后,其室温压缩变形量可达２０％。分析透射电子显微术和高分辨透射电子显微术研究表明,ＮｉＡｌ（Ｆｅ）－ＴｉＢ２复合材料中,除β－Ｎｉ（Ａｌ,Ｆｅ）、γ′－（Ｎｉ,Ｆｅ）３Ａｌ相及ＴｉＢ２颗粒外,还生成了一种新的Ｆｅ（Ｎｉ,Ａｌ,Ｔｉ）相。和基体相比,该相有较高的Ｆｅ含量,分布于枝晶间,可提高材料的塑性。Ｆｅ（Ｎｉ,Ａｌ,Ｔｉ）相属面心立方结构,点阵常数为ａ＝１．０６８ｎｍ,它与基体和增强颗粒之间结合紧密,界面无反应产物。