再入钝锥体烧蚀热防护内部热响应的数值仿真

研究了烧蚀热防护系统内部热响应的计算模型和计算方法.采用碳化层-热解面-原始材料层模型,建立碳基材料内部热响应物理模型和数学模型,利用有限元法分析和计算再入目标热防护系统轴对称内部热响应.着重研究和分析了轴对称烧蚀过程中热解气体质量流率计算方法和传热机制.将热解气体与碳化层之间的对流换热处理为源项,通过保证刚度矩阵和形函数矩阵的正定对称性可以加速温度场计算收敛.计算表明:热解气体的质量流量主要由厚度方向构成,占80%以上;头部驻点附近最大烧蚀厚度接近10mm,需要采用抗烧蚀能力强的碳-碳材料,身部烧蚀量小于2mm,可以采用密度较小的碳-酚醛材料.      

RP-3航空煤油燃烧特性及其反应机理构建综述

目前耦合航空煤油多步燃烧反应机理的数值模拟计算已引起学者们的重视,燃烧反应机理的构建已成为研究热点。详细介绍了国内外关于航空煤油模拟替代燃料的选取、化学反应动力学模型构建和简化、着火延迟时间和层流燃烧速度等的实验规律。依据国外研究进展,指出了中国在国产RP-3航空煤油燃烧反应机理研究方面应从基础研究做起,全方位、多维、立体地合作开展相关研究,主要包括:国产RP-3航空煤油化学动力学模型的建立、低温高压工况条件下航空煤油与模拟替代燃料的基础实验研究与模型燃烧室研究,以期丰富相关研究成果,推进航空发动机的高质量发展。     

Effects of chemical energy accommodation on nonequilibrium flow and heat transfer to a catalytic wall

The accurate prediction of the aeroheating performance of hypersonic vehicles requires more detailed modeling of the catalysis process, rather than merely employing a catalytic coefficient. In this paper, the theoretical modeling, as well as the direct simulation Monte Carlo method,is used to preliminarily study the incomplete chemical energy accommodation effects, that is, only a part of the potential energy released in the heterogenous recombination reaction is transferred to the surface, whil...     

尖部喷气驱动旋转机翼地面试验装置的研制

为研究新概念旋转机翼飞机飞行动力学特性,掌握其直升机模式飞行时的气动特性,研制了一种尖部喷气驱动旋转机翼地面试验装置.介绍了该试验装置的组成、各组成部分的设计及为保证试验装置运行安全性而采取的一些措施.该装置采用高压气源作为旋转机翼的驱动动力,解决了旋转机翼的旋转、挥舞及偏转过程中的通气密封问题,通过测控系统进行试验数据的采集,操纵旋转机翼的总矩及周期变矩.     

N-(5-硝基-6-氯-3-吡啶甲基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺的合成

研究了N-(5-硝基-6-氯-3-吡啶甲基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺的合成方法。该法先在室温条件下以邻苯二甲酰亚胺与氢氧化钾反应合成了邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾。然后在70°C条件下,以邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾作为亲核试剂,与2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶发生缩合反应,制备了N-(6-氯-3-吡啶甲基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺。缩合产物再经过硝化,合成N-(5-硝基-6-氯-3-吡啶甲基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺,其熔点为143.1~143.8°C,收率为90.5%。用红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振氢谱(1HNM R)、气谱-质谱(GC-M S)解析以确定中间体和产物的结构;用高效液相色谱测定合成产物的含量。实验结果表明合成了具有较高含量和较高收率的产品。     

Standing window of oblique detonation with pathological behaviour

Standing of an Oblique Detonation Wave (ODW) on a wedge within combustor is the prerequisite of thrust generation for ODW engine which is regarded as a novel and conceptual propulsion device with hypersonic flight Mach number. Usually a standing window of ODW is defined as the wedge angle ranged from the ODW detached angle from wedge (upper limit) to the angle that a Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) detonation occurs (lower limit). For pathological detonation cases, however, the CJ detonation cannot be achieved, and thus the lower limit of the standing window of ODW should be revisited. In present study, two types of reactions in hypersonic incoming flow that include the behavior of pathological detonation, that is, the single-step irreversible reaction with mole variation and the two-step irreversible reactions with exothermic process followed by endothermic process, have been used for studying standing behavior of ODW. The steady detonation polar analysis of ODW is carried out for both reaction systems. The results reveal that the reaction with more mole decrement and the reactions with stronger endothermic process show the pathological detonation feature and therefore modify the lower limit of standing window of ODW. Three equivalent parameters are proposed to quantitatively measure the standing window range of ODW from points of view of thermodynamics, Mach number of incoming flow and heat effect of reactions. It is found that the standing window of ODW is determined by the specific heat ratio, the overdrive degree of detonation and the endothermic level of the hypersonic incoming flow, regardless of whether the detonation is pathological or not.     

反应机理对湍流预混值班火焰稳燃影响的研究

针对反应机理对湍流预混值班火焰稳燃的影响,使用大涡模拟(LES)耦合输运概率密度(PDF)方法模拟了湍流射流火焰的燃烧流场。化学反应过程采用被广泛应用的SMOOKE (16组分,46步)和DRM22 (22组分,104步)机理,概率密度输运的确定采用欧拉随机场来实现。计算结果表明,LES/PDF模型可以准确地模拟该类火焰的速度分布,火焰褶皱等结构。反应机理的点火延迟时间的准确与否是模拟值班射流火焰的关键,预混射流出口处的小尺度掺混引起的点火和火焰传播过程是值班射流火焰稳燃的关键。     

超燃冲压发动机全流道反应流场仿真分析

采用计算流体力学方法开展了超燃冲压发动机流场二维及三维数值仿真,获得了发动机流场结构及流动细节.探讨了二维简化计算的适用性及不足.通过对发动机各部件受力的分析,得到了发动机初步性能,并就支板及凹腔的减阻设计提供了一些参考.     

New concepts for the avoidance or utilisation of methane in life support systems

Due to high resupply costs, especially for long-duration stays in space habitats beyond low earth orbit, future manned space missions will require life support systems (LSS) with a high degree of regenerativity. Possible ways to overcome the waste of resources and to save on resupply mass are therefore of major interest for the development of next generation environmental control and life support systems.     

亚甲二醇二硝酸酯的构象和热解机理的理论研究

用量子化学中的ＳＣＦ－ＭＯ ＭＩＮＤＯ／３，ＭＮＤＯ，ＡＭ１和ＰＭ３方法计算研究了亚甲二醇二硝酸酯的几何构型和电子结构２，求得了ＭＧＤＮ的平衡几何构型。不同方法的计算结果均表明，标题物分子中两个ＯＮＯ２均为平面基团，且Ｏ－ＮＯ２键的Ｗｉｂｅｒｇ键级最淖分子中最弱的键，在分解时可能首先断裂；