一般令牌网络的性能分析

提出了一般令牌网络的性能分析模型,在模型中,访问方式为“循环策略”,消息包到达各站点服从Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ分布,消息包到达率不完全相同,消息包长度既有常数也有负指数分布,根据随时过程的理论导出令牌循环时间Ｔ的均值和方差的一般解析表达式,同时应用排队论的方法进行一步分析了平均消息延时,平均消息长度和逻辑环路利用率。     

多级波瓣引射混合器气动性能数值研究

通过三维CFD计算,研究了在特定混合管长径比和截面比下,单、双级波瓣引射混合器性能随基本结构参数变化的规律和差异.研究结果表明:双级波瓣引射混合器的引射系数随波瓣扩张角和主流速度的增加而增加,双级波瓣引射混合器的第1级引射系数要高于单级波瓣引射混合器,且总引射系数比单级波瓣引射混合器高出100%;主流流速增加,流向涡强度和速度环量相应增大;单级波瓣引射混合器沿程流向涡峰值强度不断减弱,但速度环量先增加后减小;双级波瓣引射混合器沿程流向涡强度和速度环量则同时逐渐减小,且在1级引射中减小速度要快些;由于主流速度增加或扩张角增大造成的主流过早附壁使得热混合效率减小;尽管双级波瓣引射混合器混合管内热混合效率增加放缓,但与单级波瓣引射混合器相比,混合管出口处热混合效率还是有6%的增加.      

Stratospheric polar vortex as a possible reason for temporal variations of solar activity and galactic cosmic ray effects on the lower atmosphere circulation

Possible reasons for the temporal instability of long-term effects of solar activity (SA) and galactic cosmic ray (GCR) variations on the lower atmosphere circulation were studied. It was shown that the detected earlier ∼60-year oscillations of the amplitude and sign of SA/GCR effects on the troposphere pressure at high and middle latitudes (Veretenenko and Ogurtsov, Adv.Space Res., 2012) are closely related to the state of a cyclonic vortex forming in the polar stratosphere. The intensity of the vortex was found to reveal a roughly 60-year periodicity affecting the evolution of the large-scale atmospheric circulation and the character of SA/GCR effects. An intensification of both Arctic anticyclones and mid-latitudinal cyclones associated with an increase of GCR fluxes at minima of the 11-year solar cycles is observed in the epochs of a strong polar vortex. In the epochs of a weak polar vortex SA/GCR effects on the development of baric systems at middle and high latitudes were found to change the sign. The results obtained provide evidence that the mechanism of solar activity and cosmic ray influences on the lower atmosphere circulation involves changes in the evolution of the stratospheric polar vortex.     

CFD simulation of helicopter rotor flow based on unsteady actuator disk model

Actuator Disks (AD) can provide characterizations of rotor wakes while reducing computational expense associated with modeling the fully resolved blades. This work presents an unsteady actuator disk method based on surface circulation distribution combined with empirical data, blade element theory and rotor momentum theory. The nonuniform circulation distribution accounts for 3D blade load effects, and in particular, tip loses. Numerical simulations were conducted for the isolated pressure sensitive paint model rotor blade in hover and forward flight using the HMB3 CFD solver of Glasgow University. Validation of CFD results in comparison with published numerical data was performed in hover, for a range of blade pitch angles using fully turbulent flow and the k-ω SST model. In forward flight, the vortex structures predicted using the unsteady actuator disk model showed configurations similar to the ones obtained using fully resolved rotor blades. Despite the reduced grid cells number, the CFD results for AD models captured well the main vortical structures around the rotor disk in comparison to the fully resolved cases.     

Investigations of tip-jet and exhaust jet development in a ducted fan

The major aim of this work is to investigate the tip-jet and exhaust jet development in a ducted fan as well as the impact on the fan’s performance. The flow field of the ducted fans under the solidity varied from 0.2 to 0.7 are simulated by using the shear-stress transport k-ω turbulence model with a refined high-quality structured grid. The exhaust jet trajectory, expanding range and the flow intersection of the jet and mainstream in the blade passage are analyzed. As the results suggest, the flow direction of the exhaust jet is deflected by the downwash and Coanda effect. The major decay region of the exhaust jet can extend at least 2 times the blade chord downstream from the blade trailing edge. The blade circulation is impacted by the tip-jet rather than the exhaust jet from the upstream when the blade tip pitch angle is 8°, and the fan solidity is less than 0.7. The blade tip thrust is reduced by the interruption from the exhaust jet when the blade tip pitch angle is 2°, and the fan solidity is larger than 0.3.     

航天“血淤症”及其防护措施

根据实验结果及国外有关资料证明,失重或模拟失重时人和动物血循环系统的紊乱和中医“血淤症”时的变化十分相似,提出我国“活血化淤”中药有可能成为防止失重血循环紊乱的一种有效药物的看法。     

回流口位置对液体火箭液氧贮箱热分层的影响

低温液体火箭射前需要采用自然循环方式对火箭发动机进行充分预冷,循环预冷管路的回流口位置是影响液氧贮箱内部场分布的重要因素.采用计算流体力学(CFD)技术,通过对不同回流位置的液氧贮箱物理场的数值模拟,揭示了贮箱内部温度场及速度场的分布特性,分析了回流口位置对贮箱内部热分层的影响规律.研究表明,当回流口位于下封头以上2 m位置时,贮箱内部液氧过冷度最大,过冷液体含量最多,回流位置最佳.此研究结果为运载火箭推进系统的设计提供了重要的理论支持.      

环量控制技术研究

未来军/民运输机的高性能要求促使近年来环量控制技术正成为研究的新热点。本文简单介绍了环量控制研究的进展;深入讨论了包括二维环量控制翼型标模和CCA/OTW(Circulation Control Airfoil/Over the Wing)实验、半模型子系统实验和三维翼身融合体全机实验等可供CFD验证用的NASA实验研究。在2个尺寸相近的风洞中对同一二维标模的实验结果表明,源于切向吹气的最大升力系数C_Lmax在中等缝道出口高度时可达8~9。数据对比表明此实验结果可供计算流体力学(CFD)验证用。二维CCA/OTW实验表明,发动机位置前移可大幅增大失速迎角和C_Lmax;CCA后缘吹气噪声的低频部分强度与速度的8次方成正比,高频部分与速度的6次方成正比。半模型子系统的FACT-MAC跨声速实验不仅可研究高雷诺数效应,且可提供2种飞行状态的数据。初步结果表明,与无射流的低速数据相比,在α=25°时C_L增大约33%,跨声速时在非设计状态下射流可有效地使激波诱导的分离再附,在保持原有强度下激波位置可后推5%的弦长。三维全机CCW/OTW的实验数据尚在整理分析中,但初步结果已表明,应用前缘吹气可将失速迎角增大至25°,C_Lmax增大至6,正确安排OTW位置可增大升力线斜率等。     

Study of seasonal variation of winds in upper stratosphere over Hyderabad

A predictability of the stratospheric zonal winds above 38 km during the turnaround is an essential parameter for planning of the high-altitude scientific balloon flights. This information is more relevant in the case of Hyderabad balloon facility which is closer to equator and has much more unstable wind reversal patterns which appears to have changed enormously during the last decade probably in correlation with the global warming. With a majority of our flights reaching the altitudes of 38–42 km and the requirement of long float durations, a prior knowledge of wind pattern during the summer and winter turnaround seasons is highly desirable. Furthermore, the flight operation corridor for balloon flights from Hyderabad is limited to 400 km and though in the west direction there are flat lands, in all other three directions, the landscape is dotted by water bodies, reserve forests and hilly terrain, and therefore need of such a data is essential. In order to establish the climatology of the stratospheric winds and study their inter-annual variability over Hyderabad for the turnaround periods, we have made a detailed analysis of the United Kingdom Meteorological office data between 2000 and 2007, to derive average wind parameters (magnitude, direction) at different ceiling altitudes above 38 km. These results can be used only as general trend of stratospheric wind and should not be the limitation of the UKMO Data.     

空间站水循环处理系统中微生物的检测技术

如何控制空间站水循环处理系统的微生物数量对于保证航天员的饮用水和生活用水十分重要。微生物数量超标会对航天员身体健康产生影响,某些硫酸盐还原菌也会附着在管道设备上并发生化学反应,产生的H₂S气体会腐蚀设备。控制水循环处理系统的微生物有地面控制、选用特殊材料和在轨杀菌共3个方面。2003年NASA给出了空间站中微生物控制的一系列要求。文章中提出了两种微生物检测方法:ATP生物发光法和比色固相萃取法测碘和银离子数量的方法,通过比较两者的优劣以及多方面的探究,最后,确定通过监测碘和银离子的数量来控制微生物数量更加方便有效。