超燃冲压发动机前体边界层转捩风洞试验方法

吸气式高超声速飞行器前体边界层强迫转捩研究是各国高超声速研究计划的重要内容之一。本文归纳总结了美国开展Hyper-X前体边界层强迫转捩研究风洞设备的选则依据和选用的主要风洞;归纳了各风洞在超燃冲压发动机前体边界层强迫转捩试验中采用的主要测量和显示技术;分析了强迫转捩扰流装置设计过程中,风洞试验研究采用的方法。     

空间绳系机器人逼近目标协调控制方法

 为了节省空间绳系机器人的末端执行装置在逼近目标卫星过程中推力器所使用的燃料,本文提出一种利用推力器、反作用轮及空间系绳的协调控制方法。首先利用二次型最优控制器(LQR)算法计算出末端执行装置逼近目标所需的理想轨道控制力,然后利用模拟退火算法将所需轨道控制力优化分配到推力器及空间系绳,同时利用时间延迟算法通过反作用轮补偿空间系绳产生的姿态干扰力矩。仿真结果表明,利用该协调控制方法能显著节省末端执行装置上推力器的燃料消耗,有效抑制空间系绳协调控制力产生的姿态干扰,使末端执行装置保持相对稳定的姿态。     

几何非线性机翼本征梁元素模型的高效化改进

 采用Hodges等提出的时间-空间离散化的几何精确非线性本征梁通用模型处理柔性机翼结构动力学问题时,当离散化的节点数增大时,该方法的未知数数量成倍地增长,而且方程组是严重病态的,因此数值模拟计算的速度非常缓慢。针对机翼中最常见的悬臂梁结构,根据空间离散化的边界条件,提出了空间缩聚法把空间离散差分方程缩聚为常系数矩阵格式,得到了只与时间相关的微分方程组,进一步推导得到了该方程组的雅可比矩阵,因而大大减少了方程组的数量以及求解过程的循环和迭代步数。采用Gear方法分别求解了原始的本征梁元素模型和本文提出的缩聚模型,结果表明空间缩聚模型在相同条件下可提高运算速度约5.1倍,而且对不同类型的外载荷都具有较好的通用性、稳定性和高效性。     

空间绳系机器人抓捕后复合体姿态协调控制

针对空间绳系机器人对目标抓捕后的复合体姿态稳定控制问题进行了研究.首先,对复合体进行动力学建模,并对其动力学特性进行了分析;然后,考虑复合体的特点、空间绳系机器人燃料有限以及自身姿态控制力的限制,分别设计了系绳主动拉力与推力器推力协调控制器和基于滑模变结构的全推力控制器,并设计了其切换条件,利用两种控制器切换对姿态进行稳定控制;最后,利用仿真实验验证了所提方法的正确性.仿真结果表明,系绳拉力和推力器协调控制方法能够实现对姿态的稳定控制,并且有效地节省姿态控制过程中的燃料消耗.     

High-fidelity trajectory optimization for aeroassisted vehicles using variable order pseudospectral method

In this study, the problem of time-optimal reconnaissance trajectory design for the aeroassisted vehicle is considered. Different from most works reported previously, we explore the feasibility of applying a high-order aeroassisted vehicle dynamic model to plan the optimal flight trajectory such that the gap between the simulated model and the real system can be narrowed. A highly-constrained optimal control model containing six-degree-of-freedom vehicle dynamics is established. To solve the formulated high-order trajectory planning model, a pipelined optimization strategy is illustrated. This approach is based on the variable order Radau pseudospectral method, indicating that the mesh grid used for discretizing the continuous system experiences several adaption iterations. Utilization of such a strategy can potentially smooth the flight trajectory and improve the algorithm convergence ability. Numerical simulations are reported to demonstrate some key features of the optimized flight trajectory. A number of comparative studies are also provided to verify the effectiveness of the applied method as well as the high-order trajectory planning model.     

临近空间高超声速目标滑跃式轨迹Sine-AIMM跟踪算法

针对单一的Sine模型算法无法与临近空间高超声速目标滑跃式轨迹准确匹配,现有的交互多模型(IMM)算法跟踪效果也不够理想的问题,提出一种基于多重贝叶斯准则的自适应交互式多Sine模型(Sine-AIMM)临近空间高超声速滑跃式目标跟踪算法.算法采用多个Sine模型对滑跃式轨迹进行匹配,并利用多重贝叶斯准则在线调整各模型...     

飞船返回舱再入阶段高超声速六分量测力试验研究

介绍了在气动中心超高速所激波风洞中进行的飞船返回舱再入阶段高超声速六分量测力试验研究以及马赫数、雷诺数变化对返回舱外形纵向三分量气动特性的影响研究。在试验方案和天平设计中提出和采用了“5 l”方案，即五分量主天平和单分量滚转力矩天平实现六分量测量，模型分段连接使大轴向力对小滚转力矩测量的干扰降至最低。为考核该方案的可行性，还进行了一系列验证性试验，如对比性试验和缝隙影响试验，试验研究结果表明：采用该方案是可行的，成功地测量出了返回舱模型上的小滚转力矩。     

Space weather: its effects and predictability

Terrestrial technology is now, and increasingly, sensitive to space weather. Most space weather is caused by solar storms and the resulting changes to the Earth's radiation environment and the magnetosphere. The Sun as the driver of space weather is under intense observation but remains to be adequately modelled. Recent spacecraft measurements are greatly improving models of solar activity, the interaction of the solar wind with the magnetosphere, and models of the radiation belts. In-situ data updates the basic magnetospheric model to provide specific details of high-energy electron flux at satellite orbits. Shock wave effects at the magnetopause can also be coarsely predicted. However, the specific geomagnetic effects at ground level depend on the calculation of magnetic and electric fields and further improvements are needed. New work on physical models is showing promise of raising geomagnetic and ionospheric predictability above the synoptic climatological level. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Real-Time Specifications of the Geospace Environment

We report the recent progress in our joint program of real-time mapping of ionospheric electric fields and currents and field-aligned currents through the Geospace Environment Data Analysis System (GEDAS) at the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and similar computer systems in the world. Data from individual ground magnetometers as well as from the solar wind are collected by these systems and are used as input for the KRM and AMIE magnetogram-inversion algorithms, which calculate the two-dimensional distribution of the ionospheric parameters. One of the goals of this program is to specify the solar-terrestrial environment in terms of ionospheric processes, providing the scientific community with more than what geomagnetic activity indices and statistical models provide. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

跨超、高超声速风洞模型动导数试验技术研究

介绍了气动中心高速所为航空航天飞行器所开展的动导数试验技术研究,主要包括高速大攻角动导数试验技术、再入体模型配平状态动导数试验技术及基于气体轴承的高超声速风洞模型滚转阻尼导数试验技术。阐述了这些试验技术的试验设备及测试系统,给出了典型的试验结果,并进行了分析与讨论。