Very low frequency interferometry for the Chang’E-2 project

Very low frequency interferometry among two astronomical experiments has been proposed and accepted for further study for the second phase of China’s lunar exploration programme (the Chang’E Programme), which is envisaged to operate a lander and a rover on the surface of the moon. This experiment is an interferometer experiment in the very low frequency (VLF, f < 15 MHz) regime of radio frequencies with at least degree-level angular resolution. The goals include observing solar storm activities, Coronal Mass Ejections, Auroral Kilometric Radiation, and planetary radiation in the solar system, studying the origin of Cosmic Rays, spectral properties of pulsars, surveying ionized hydrogen in the Galaxy, and exploring coherent radio emissions.     

Solar Sources of Heliospheric Energetic Electron Events—Shocks or Flares?

Electrons with near-relativistic (E≳30 keV, NrR) and relativistic (E≳0.3 MeV) energies are often observed as discrete events in the inner heliosphere following solar transient activity. Several acceleration mechanisms have been proposed for the production of those electrons. One candidate is acceleration at MHD shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) with speeds ≳1000 km s⁻¹. Many NrR electron events are temporally associated only with flares while others are associated with flares as well as with CMEs or with radio type II shock waves. Since CME onsets and associated flares are roughly simultaneous, distinguishing the sources of electron events is a serious challenge. On a phenomenological basis two classes of solar electron events were known several decades ago, but recent observations have presented a more complex picture. We review early and recent observational results to deduce different electron event classes and their viable acceleration mechanisms, defined broadly as shocks versus flares. The NrR and relativistic electrons are treated separately. Topics covered are: solar electron injection delays from flare impulsive phases; comparisons of electron intensities and spectra with flares, CMEs and accompanying solar energetic proton (SEP) events; multiple spacecraft observations; two-phase electron events; coronal flares; shock-associated (SA) events; electron spectral invariance; and solar electron intensity size distributions. This evidence suggests that CME-driven shocks are statistically the dominant acceleration mechanism of relativistic events, but most NrR electron events result from flares. Determining the solar origin of a given NrR or relativistic electron event remains a difficult proposition, and suggestions for future work are given.     

中俄联合火星电离层星-星掩星探测

中俄联合火星星-星掩星探测是人类首次在火星空间环境进行此类的联合试验。用于探测火星电离层的星-星掩星技术较以前星地间的探测技术相比,有可接收高信噪比信号,反演精度高,可探测火星上太阳天顶角大于43°,或者小于138°的区域电离层等优点。本文介绍了中俄联合火星星-星掩星探测方案、基本原理,给出了主要技术指标、地面模拟测试结果。     

GRECO建模在VC++4.0中的实现机制

GRECO(Graphical Electromagnetic Computing)技术是目前分析高频区复杂目标雷达散射截面(RCS)最有效方法之一.对复杂目标而言,应用GRECO方法的一个重要工作就是对目标的几何造型进行准确地建模,才能获得令人满意的结果.文中结合C-R样条建模理论,阐述了在Windows NT环境下利用VC+ +4.0与OpenGL为GRECO方法进行建模的机制.以标准体与复杂目标为实例,给出了与实验结果符合良好的RCS曲线,具有工程实用价值.      

GRECO与行波求解低散射目标后向RCS

GRECO(Graphical Electromagnetic Computing)技术是目前分析高频区复杂目标雷达散射截面(RCS)最有效方法之一.对低散射截面目标而言,行波效应往往贡献显著,在行波效应较强的某些区域,行波值甚至超过面元与棱边贡献,本文通过GRECO与行波混合法求解低散射目标后向RCS.利用低散射支架为实例,给出与实验结果符合良好的RCS曲线,具有工程实用价值.      

无线电高度表信号模拟器射频信号延时/衰减模块设计

无线电高度表程控信号模拟器是无线电高度表自动测试系统（ATE,ATS）的重要组成部分,而射频信号延时/衰减模块则是无线电高度表程控信号模拟器3个功能模块组件中的核心模块。研制了一种采用声表面波（SAW）延迟线作为射频信号延时器件、射频衰减器作为射频信号功率衰减器件,通过程控射频开关控制不同声表面波延迟线的切换,包含射频信号变频、放大等结构电路的无线电高度表信号模拟器射频信号延时/衰减模块。经无线电高度表自动测试系统的实际工程应用表明,该无线电高度表射频信号延时/衰减模块对C波段（4.2～4.4 GHz）射频调制信号的延时精度高、衰减范围大,体小、质轻,适合置于无线电高度表测试适配器内部使用,具有较高的工程应用价值。     

数字匹配滤波器在直序扩频快速捕获中的应用

数字匹配滤波器(DMF)也称数字相关器,本文对DMF的工作原理做了简要的分析,给出了实现DMF的几种常见的结构,然后给出了DMF的实现过程,着重对DMF在部分并行捕获中的应用做了详细的描述。     

Type II Solar Radio Bursts: Theory and Space Weather Implications

Recent data and theory for type II solar radio bursts are reviewed, focusing on a recent analytic quantitative theory for interplanetary type II bursts. The theory addresses electron reflection and acceleration at the type II shock, formation of electron beams in the foreshock, and generation of Langmuir waves and the type II radiation there. The theory's predictions as functions of the shock and plasma parameters are summarized and discussed in terms of space weather events. The theory is consistent with available data, has explanations for radio-loud/quiet coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and why type IIs are bursty, and can account for empirical correlations between type IIs, CMEs, and interplanetary disturbances. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于GNSS掩星资料的风云卫星微波载荷产品质量验证与分析

聚焦新一代国产极轨气象卫星微波载荷和全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)掩星临边观测的探测机理,及其各自仪器的性能指标和在轨运行的特点,利用2019年1月1日到12月31日的全球数据,开展基于GNSS掩星资料的风云气象卫星微波观测亮温对比和反演廓线产品质量检验研究。在匹配数据时间分辨率为30 min和经纬度分辨率为0.5°的情况下,亮温偏差小于5 K,大气温湿度探测精度分别为1.92 K和22.8%,同时分析了2019年青藏高原地区大气温湿度的时空分布规律。结果表明:风云气象卫星微波辐射计具有全球全天候探测大气温湿度的功能,在近地面具有丰富的反演数据,而对于GNSS掩星探测资料,3 km以上探测精度优于微波湿度计,近地面数据较少,两者联合,既可以互相补充和验证,又能以青藏高原为例,分析长时间序列气象和气候数据,为后续的气候研究提供基础数据集。     

基于器间测量的火星进入过程实时高精度导航

精确着陆于火星特定目标区域是未来火星着陆探测的关键技术。面向火星精确着陆需求,研究火星进入过程中基于器间测量的实时高精度导航方法具有重要意义。该方法利用火星已有的环绕探测器,在着陆器接近进入过程中,通过无线电链路获得量测信息,结合器上滤波算法实时估计着陆器的位置与速度状态。仿真结果显示该导航方法可有效提高进入过程中的导航精度。