基于飞行器的飞行导航与飞行控制数据综合的研究

针对基于双处理器结构的飞控计算机数据综合过程中的时间同步、时间管理问题,采用了初始同步和周期同步相结合的方式,对任务运行中的误差进行了修正,并在时间同步的基础上,将控制链条分解成若干个控制单元进行分时调度,实现了双机并行处理.同时对数据综合过程中的数据处理方式也进行了讨论.     

X射线脉冲星导航中的滤波方法分析

X射线脉冲星导航由于需要大量的观测数据来确定天体方位,因此需要较长的滤波周期(500 ～ 1000s),系统的状态方程是非线性的.若采用扩展Kalman滤波(EKF),线性化时会产生较大的高阶截断误差,且Jacobian矩阵不易精确计算,导致定轨的精度较低.文中采用非线性滤波方法- Unscented Kalman 滤...     

基于鲁棒H∞滤波的追踪卫星相对导航算法研究

针对追踪卫星存在轨道机动的情况,在模型存在不确定参数和非高斯噪声输入时,研究了基于鲁棒H∞滤波理论的相对导航算法.该算法采用线性不等式技术,根据Lyapunov稳定性原理推导出具有范数有界不确定参数离散系统的鲁棒H∞滤波器存在的充要条件,并将滤波器的设计转化为一个凸优化的求解问题.将该算法应用到追踪卫星导航中,仿真结果表明该算法在大轨道机动下有效且能消除模型不确定性和非高斯噪声对系统造成的不利影响.     

基于Zernike矩的高精度太阳图像质心提取算法

在基于太阳观测的月球车天文导航系统中,针对太阳传感器中图像噪声以及典型图像退化的不良影响,提出了一种基于Zernike矩的高精度太阳质心提取算法。采用Sobel算子进行边缘检测,Zernike矩重定位亚像素边缘,用最小二乘法拟合圆心。而当图像存在退化时,进行有效圆边缘点检测后,再用该法提取质心。从理论上分析了Zernike矩亚像素边缘检测对圆拟合法的改进作用。利用仿真图像和地表实验图像,将本文方法与传统的重心法、带阈值的重心法和圆拟合法进行了比较。结果表明,本文方法精度更高,具有更好的稳定性,可以对月球车天文导航精度的提高起良好作用。     

新体制卫星导航信号特性与跟踪环路设计

从新体制卫星信号的特性出发,论述新体制卫星导航信号跟踪环路的一种实现方式,即三环双估计器跟踪环路的设计方法,并以一个仿真系统为例给出各项参数推导的详细过程,最终的仿真结果证明所述方法合理可行。     

高精度导航计算机实现技术研究

惯性导航系统是一种自主式导航系统,其核心部件是导航计算机。介绍了导航计算机实现的技术原理;分析了导航计算机实现的关键技术,包括高精度浮点处理技术、导航传感器功能集成技术、高精度导航技术、智能接口技术和集成化的软件开发调试环境;针对惯性导航系统对精度和实时性的要求,提出了一种高精度导航计算机的设计方案,其实现技术先进,具有广泛的应用前景。     

认知无线电网络中基于几何规划的分布式功率控制

功率控制对于允许次用户和主用户之间频谱共享的认知无线电网络来说是关键的,针对具有干扰限制的认知网络最大总容量得到一种最优的分步式功率控制策略,对于系统效用的非凸性,引入几何规划把非凸最优化问题转换为凸最优化问题,引入辅助变量和额外等式约束,把效用之间的关联转化为约束之间的关联,提出了功率控制策略的解决方法,显示了整体最...     

WMAP extragalactic point sources as potential Space VLBI calibrators

The point source list of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) is a uniform, all-sky catalogue of bright sources with flux density measurements at high (up to 94 GHz) radio frequencies. We investigated the five-year WMAP list to compile a new catalogue of bright and compact extragalactic radio sources to be potentially studied with Very Long Baseline Interferometry at millimeter wavelengths (mm-VLBI) and Space VLBI (SVLBI). After comparing the WMAP data with the existing mm-VLBI catalogues, we sorted out the yet unexplored sources. Using the 41, 61 and 94 GHz WMAP flux densities, we calculated the spectral indices. By collecting optical identifications, lower-frequency radio flux densities and VLBI images from the literature, we created a list of objects which have not been investigated with VLBI at 86 GHz before. With total flux density at least 1 Jy and declination above −40°, we found 37 suitable new targets. It is a nearly 25% addition to the known mm-VLBI sources. Such objects are also potentially useful as phase-reference calibrators for the future Japanese SVLBI mission ASTRO-G at its highest observing frequency (43 GHz). The phase-referencing capability of ASTRO-G would allow long integrations and hence better sensitivity for observing faint target sources close to suitable phase calibrators in the sky.     

Ionospheric path delay models for spaceborne GPS receivers flying in formation with large baselines

GPS relative navigation filters could benefit notably from an accurate modeling of the ionospheric delays, especially over large baselines (>100 km) where double difference delays can be higher than several carrier wavelengths. This paper analyzes the capability of ionospheric path delay models proposed for spaceborne GPS receivers in predicting both zero-difference and double difference ionospheric delays. We specifically refer to relatively simple ionospheric models, which are suitable for real-time filtering schemes. Specifically, two ionospheric delay models are evaluated, one assuming an isotropic electron density and the other considering the effect on the electron density of the Sun aspect angle. The prediction capability of these models is investigated by comparing predicted ionospheric delays with measured ones on real flight data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment mission, in which two satellites fly separated of more than 200 km. Results demonstrate that both models exhibit a correlation in the excess of 80% between predicted and measured double-difference ionospheric delays. Despite its higher simplicity, the isotropic model performs better than the model including the Sun effect, being able to predict double differenced delays with accuracy smaller than the carrier wavelength in most cases. The model is thus fit for supporting integer ambiguity fixing in real-time filters for relative navigation over large baselines. Concerning zero-difference ionospheric delays, results demonstrate that delays predicted by the isotropic model are highly correlated (around 90%) with those estimated using GPS measurements. However, the difference between predicted and measured delays has a root mean square error in the excess of 30 cm. Thus, the zero-difference ionospheric delays model is not likely to be an alternative to methods exploiting carrier-phase observables for cancelling out the ionosphere contribution in single-frequency absolute navigation filters.     

How Navigational Aids Impair Spatial Memory: Evidence for Divided Attention

Abstract

Research has demonstrated navigational aids impair spatial memory, but has not considered important spatial cognitive concepts. For example, impairment may stem from spatial perspective switches between route-based aids and survey-based memory assessments. Further, the verbal format of aid instructions may selectively interfere with verbal working memory (VWM). To address these potential explanations, participants navigated desktop virtual environments in a goal-directed manner. In each within-participants condition, participants either navigated with a verbal or tonal aid that presented mixed spatial perspective instructions or without aid. Both aids yielded slight navigational advantages and steep spatial memory costs despite their mixed perspective instructions. The equivalent impairment between information formats suggests navigational aids impair spatial memory by dividing attention rather than selective interference of VWM.