红外成像制导及其目标背景特性分析

结合对目标和背景的红外特性研究,阐述了在复杂背景条件下防空导弹对目标的红外成像寻的制导的组成和原理。详细分析了地面杂散背景的辐射和散射特征。综合分析了军用飞机被防空导弹攻击时的红外辐射特性。其分析结果对研究防空导弹红外成像导引头如何从复杂背景中将目标的典型特征信息提取出来并进行有效的识别具有重要的参考意义。     

中国1987—1990年科学实验卫星中空间辐射剂量信息的热释光分析方法

本文介绍了实验卫星中空间辐射剂量信息的热释光分析方法。应用LiF(Mg,Cu,P)探测器及程序加热方法,分析测定了几次实验卫星中空间辐射日平均剂量,均在20mrad/d以下。应用LiF(Mg,Ti)和Caso_4(Tm)探测器及发光曲线反卷积分析方法,研究了探测器本底荧光与低温峰影响的减除技术和高LET粒子造成的微观剂量分布不均匀情况。     

热辐射波长测温法的理论研究

从黑体热辐射的普朗克定律出发,导出了热辐射光能量与波长关系中的峰值和拐点位移公式.根据这些公式,提出了热辐射测温技术中的波长测温方法,为热辐射测温传感器的研究提供了一种全新的思路.     

太阳活动对EUV辐射在大气中吸收过程的影响

本文利用A-E卫星在太阳活动21周峰年间观测到的EUV辐射资料,高层大气成分的吸收截面,以及MSIS-86热层大气模式,研究了EUV辐射在大气中的吸收过程;在透射比为1/e和0.1/100时分别计算了透射高度随波长及太阳活动的变化。在波长范围50—1050内对37个波段分别求出了透射高度随太阳天顶角的变化。结果表明,当太阳活动增强时各波段的透射高度均升高,而且透射比越大则透射高度随太阳活动的变化也越剧烈。当透射比为一定时,太阳天顶角越大则透射高度随太阳活动的变化也越大。除此之外还存在一个相反效应,即太阳活动会使Chapman函数变小,这反过来又促使透射高度降低。这两种效应的综合作用结果可较好地解释某些电离层观测中的日没效应。     

有介质覆盖层的微带偶极天线的辐射场和所激励的表面波

本文给出了有介质覆盖层的微带偶极天线的格林函数表达式,计算了辐射场,并对这种结构中的表面波现象作了较仔细的分析,讨论了一些对设计天线阵、表面波天线有意义的表面波特性。     

New results on planetary lightning

We present the latest observations from spacecraft and ground-based instruments in search for lightning activity in the atmospheres of planets in the solar system, and put them in context of previous research. Since the comprehensive book on planetary atmospheric electricity compiled by Leblanc et al. (2008), advances in remote sensing technology and telescopic optics enable detection of additional and new electromagnetic and optical emissions, respectively. Orbiting spacecraft such as Mars Express, Venus Express and Cassini yield new results, and we highlight the giant storm on Saturn of 2010/2011 that was probably the single most powerful thunderstorm ever observed in the solar system. We also describe theoretical models, laboratory spark experiments simulating conditions in planetary mixtures and map open issues.     

Radiation engineering analysis of shielding materials to assess their ability to protect astronauts in deep space from energetic particle radiation

An analysis is performed on four typical materials (aluminum, liquid hydrogen, polyethylene, and water) to assess their impact on the length of time an astronaut can stay in deep space and not exceed a design basis radiation exposure of 150 mSv. A large number of heavy lift launches of pure shielding mass are needed to enable long duration, deep space missions to keep astronauts at or below the exposure value with shielding provided by the vehicle. Therefore, vehicle mass using the assumptions in the paper cannot be the sole shielding mechanism for long duration, deep space missions. As an example, to enable the Mars Design Reference Mission 5.0 with a 400 day transit to and from Mars, not including the 500 day stay on the surface, a minimum of 24 heavy lift launches of polyethylene at 89,375 lbm (40.54 tonnes) each are needed for the 1977 galactic cosmic ray environment. With the assumptions used in this paper, a single heavy lift launch of water or polyethylene can protect astronauts for a 130 day mission before exceeding the exposure value. Liquid hydrogen can only protect the astronauts for 160 days. Even a single launch of pure shielding material cannot protect an astronaut in deep space for more than 180 days using the assumptions adopted in the analysis. It is shown that liquid hydrogen is not the best shielding material for the same mass as polyethylene for missions that last longer than 225 days.     

Space radiation effects on plant and mammalian cells

The study of the effects of ionizing radiation on organisms is related to different research aims. The current review emphasizes the studies on the effects of different doses of sparsely and densely ionizing radiation on living organisms, with the final purpose of highlighting specific and common effects of space radiation in mammals and plants. This topic is extremely relevant in the context of radiation protection from space environment. The response of different organisms to ionizing radiation depends on the radiation quality/dose and/or the intrinsic characteristics of the living system. Macromolecules, in particular DNA, are the critical targets of radiation, even if there is a strong difference between damages encountered by plant and mammalian cells. The differences in structure and metabolism between the two cell types are responsible for the higher resistance of the plant cell compared with its animal counterpart.     

A deterministic computational model for the two dimensional electron and photon transport

A deterministic (non-statistical) two dimensional (2D) computational model describing the transport of electron and photon typical of space radiation environment in various shield media is described. The 2D formalism is casted into a code which is an extension of a previously developed one dimensional (1D) deterministic electron and photon transport code. The goal of both 1D and 2D codes is to satisfy engineering design applications (i.e. rapid analysis) while maintaining an accurate physics based representation of electron and photon transport in space environment. Both 1D and 2D transport codes have utilized established theoretical representations to describe the relevant collisional and radiative interactions and transport processes. In the 2D version, the shield material specifications are made more general as having the pertinent cross sections. In the 2D model, the specification of the computational field is in terms of a distance of traverse z along an axial direction as well as a variable distribution of deflection (i.e. polar) angles θ where −π/2<θ<π/2, and corresponding symmetry is assumed for the range of azimuth angles (0<φ<2π). In the transport formalism, a combined mean-free-path and average trajectory approach is used. For candidate shielding materials, using the trapped electron radiation environments at low Earth orbit (LEO), geosynchronous orbit (GEO) and Jupiter moon Europa, verification of the 2D formalism vs. 1D and an existing Monte Carlo code are presented.     

固体火箭羽流红外特性的DOM法模拟及高度影响研究

为研究固体火箭羽流的红外特性,建立了贴体坐标系下,考虑气相和Al2O3凝相温度不相等及Al2O3粒子直径变化情况下,计算固体火箭羽流红外特性的方法——离散坐标法(DOM)。计算了光谱2~5μ范围内,某固体火箭发动机在地面及不同飞行高度下羽流的红外特性,研究了飞行高度对羽流红外特性的影响。研究表明:在固体火箭羽流的红外辐射中,粒子辐射起着主导性的作用,粒子辐射在不同的波带对固体火箭羽流辐射的影响有所不同;在高度30~60km范围内,固体火箭羽流在光谱2~5μm沿表面外法线方向的辐射强度随飞行高度的上升而增强。