脉冲射流强化混合对喷流红外辐射特性的影响

计算了脉冲射流强化混合喷流在3~5 μm波段的红外辐射特性,并与无脉冲激励喷流的红外辐射特性进行了比较,分析了脉冲射流强化混合对喷流红外隐身的效果.流场及温度场采用有限体积法和重整化群(RNG,Renormalization Group)k-ε湍流模型求解N-S方程得到.喷流的红外辐射强度采用有限体积法结合窄带模型求解吸收发射性介质辐射传输方程得到.计算结果显示,在亚音速条件下,少量的射流流量(占3%的主流流量)就可以使核心区长度缩减一半以上,在天顶角90°方向探测喷流的红外辐射强度,各个方位角上都有较大衰减,与激励源垂直的平面上的衰减效果相比,与之平行的平面上的更为强烈.      

Degradation of thermal control materials under a simulated radiative space environment

A spacecraft with a passive thermal control system utilizes various thermal control materials to maintain temperatures within safe operating limits. Materials used for spacecraft applications are exposed to harsh space environments such as ultraviolet (UV) and particle (electron, proton) irradiation and atomic oxygen (AO), undergo physical damage and thermal degradation, which must be considered for spacecraft thermal design optimization and cost effectiveness. This paper describes the effect of synergistic radiation on some of the important thermal control materials to verify the assumptions of beginning-of-life (BOL) and end-of-life (EOL) properties. Studies on the degradation in the optical properties (solar absorptance and infrared emittance) of some important thermal control materials exposed to simulated radiative geostationary space environment are discussed. The current studies are purely related to the influence of radiation on the degradation of the materials; other environmental aspects (e.g., thermal cycling) are not discussed. The thermal control materials investigated herein include different kind of second-surface mirrors, white anodizing, white paints, black paints, multilayer insulation materials, varnish coated aluminized polyimide, germanium coated polyimide, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and poly tetra fluoro ethylene (PTFE). For this purpose, a test in the constant vacuum was performed reproducing a three year radiative space environment exposure, including ultraviolet and charged particle effects on North/South panels of a geostationary three-axis stabilized spacecraft. Reflectance spectra were measured in situ in the solar range (250–2500 nm) and the corresponding solar absorptance values were calculated. The test methodology and the degradations of the materials are discussed. The most important degradations among the low solar absorptance materials were found in the white paints whereas the rigid optical solar reflectors remained quite stable. Among the high solar absorptance elements, as such the change in the solar absorptance was very low, in particular the germanium coated polyimide was found highly stable.     

Monte-Carlo方法在黑体空腔有效发射率计算中的应用

采用Monte-Carlo法对圆柱型等温空腔的有效发射率进行计算,对影响空腔有效发射率的一些因素进行了分析,并讨论了腔壁材料的光谱发射率对空腔有效发射率的影响,为黑体空腔的设计计算提供理论计算依据。     

空心阴极热特性优化研究

空心阴极常用于霍尔或离子电推进系统的电子源,其热特性对自身工作寿命和能效有重要影响。为考察工作过程中阴极的温度分布和热耗散特性,对空心阴极进行数值分析。采用等离子体流场计算数据与温度场计算数据互为输入条件,进行反复迭代的方式,计算稳态下阴极内部的温度场。为验证模型与计算代码的正确性,在真空舱内开展阴极的放电试验,利用热电偶与光学温度计对阴极5个测点进行测温,并将试验结果与计算结果进行比对。结果表明,计算的最大误差在5%以内。在此基础上,考察了不同结构、材料空心阴极内部的温度分布以及热耗散情况。当阴极整体长度由小变大时,阴极整体热耗散功率会先减小后增大,而采用发射率较高的外壳材料会提高阴极整体热耗散且降低整体温度。     

同步辐射貌相术在研究单晶CuZnAl形状记忆合金马氏体相变中的应用

采用同步辐射貌相术跟踪单晶ＣｕＺｎＡｌ形状记忆合金随温度循环而演变的马氏体相变全过程。研究结果表明，该合金的马氏体转变为热弹性的。     

Highlights of the Brazilian Solar Spectroscope

The digital, decimetric (950–2500 MHz) Brazilian Solar Spectroscope (BSS, Sawant, H.S., Subramanian, K.R., Faria, C., et al. Brazilian Solar Spectroscope (BSS). Solar Phys. 200, 167–176, 2001) with high time (10–1000 ms) and frequency (1–10 MHz) resolution is in regular operation since April, 1998, at the National Space Research Institute (INPE) at São José dos Campos, Brazil. The BSS has now been upgraded with a new digital data acquisition and data processing system. The new version of the BSS has improved the observational possibilities with the capability to record up to 200 frequency channels available in the selectable frequency range 950–2500 MHz. The GPS receiver permits the acquisition of data with time accuracy in the order of 0.1 ms. The software system of the BSS is composed by two distinct modules: the first, data acquisition system provides a flexible Graphical User Interface (GUI) that allows one to choose the observational parameters. The second module is the real time visualization system that permits real time visualization of the observed dynamic spectrum and additionally allows procedures for visualization and preliminary analysis of the recorded solar spectra. Using the new visualization system, we have realized two new types of dm-radio fine structures: narrow band type III bursts with positive as well as negative group frequency drift and dots emissions arranged in zebra-like and fiber-like chains. Furthermore, we have found flare generated fast wave trains according to their tadpole signature in wavelet power spectra for a decimetric type IV radio event (June 6, 2000 flare).     

射线照相检测辐射场的黑度分布及影响因素

文章从射线强度分布、胶片感光原理推导了辐射场的黑度分布近似公式,给出了不同透照参数下相对黑度与辐射角的变化曲线,分析了透照参数对黑度分布均匀性的影响.通过实验测量,验证了理论结果.     

地空导弹防太阳辐射的论证、设计与试验

介绍了太阳辐射的基本概念、能量分布情况及其对地空导弹武器装备的影响，给出了论证地空导弹武器环境适应性时太阳辐射强度取值的依据、降低太阳辐射影响的措施和太阳辐射试验的参数取值依据以及对试验设备的要求，可供从事环境适应性论证、设计与试验工作的人员参考。