Dynamical evolution of high area-to-mass ratio objects in Molniya orbits

For special demands, some notable orbit types have been developed by human, including the Molniya orbits, which have a relatively high eccentricity up to about 0.7, and a period of 12 h. Considering that space debris with high area-to-mass ratio (A/M) has been discovered, such objects may also exist in Molniya orbits due to spacecraft and upper stages fragmentation events. However, there are not sufficient studies of the complex dynamical phenomena of such orbits. These studies can enrich the knowledge about the long-term evolution of these orbits, be helpful to propose uncatalogued objects observation and identification, and also set the protected region as well as active debris removal. In this paper, the characteristics of 2:1 resonance of Molniya satellite orbits are studied. A large set of numerical simulations, including all the relevant perturbations, is carried out to further investigate the main characteristics, and special attention is payed to the dynamical evolution of objects with high A/M, particularly affected by the direct solar radiation pressure. The long-term dynamical evolution of orbital elements, as well as the dependency of lifetime on the A/M value, is discussed.     

航空发动机排气系统红外辐射特征数值计算研究

基于N—S方程,建立了某型发动机排气系统的数值计算模型;利用辐射传输方程（RTE）积分法所编制的红外辐射特征计算程序,计算了该发动机在地面工作状态下的红外辐射特征分布;在加力状态下,考虑了soot粒子的光谱吸收与发射。分析了水蒸气、二氧化碳、一氧化氮和一氧化碳气体介质的红外光谱吸收与发射,并考虑了红外辐射在大气中的传输,最后给出了在3.0～5．0μm波段内排气系统的红外辐射强度分布。     

Microscopic approach to analyze solar-sail space-environment effects

Near-sun space-environment effects on metallic thin films solar sails as well as hollow-body sails with inflation fill gas are considered. Analysis of the interaction of the solar radiation with the solar-sail materials is presented. This analysis evaluates worst-case solar radiation effects during solar-radiation-pressure acceleration. The dependence of the thickness of solar sail on temperature and on wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum of solar radiation is investigated. Physical processes of the interactions of photons, electrons, protons and α-particles with sail material atoms and nuclei, and inflation fill gas molecules are analyzed. Calculations utilized conservative assumptions with the highest values for the available cross sections for interactions of solar photons, electrons and protons with atoms, nuclei and hydrogen molecules. It is shown that for high-energy photons, electrons and protons the beryllium sail is mostly transparent. Sail material will be partially ionized by solar UV and low-energy solar electrons. For a hollow-body photon sail effects including hydrogen diffusion through the solar-sail walls, and electrostatic pressure is considered. Electrostatic pressure caused by the electrically charged sail’s electric field may require mitigation since sail material tensile strength decreases with elevated temperature. It also can substitute inflation-gas pressure loss due to gas diffusion and perforation by micrometeoroids impact to keep the sail inflated.     

R3D-B2 – Measurement of ionizing and solar radiation in open space in the BIOPAN 5 facility outside the FOTON M2 satellite

Solar and space radiation have been monitored using the R3D-B2 radiation risks radiometer-dosimeter on board a recent space flight on the Russian satellite Foton M2 within the ESA Biopan 5 facility mounted on the outside of the satellite exposed to space conditions. The solar radiation has been assayed in four wavelength bands (UV-C, 170–280 nm, UV-B, 280–315 nm), UV-A (315–400 nm) and PAR (photosynthetic active radiation, 400–700 nm). The data show an increasing tumbling rotation of the satellite during the mission. The photodiodes do not show a cosine response to the incident light which has been corrected. After calibration of the signals using the extraterrestrial spectrum, doses have been calculated for each orbit, for each day and for the total mission as basic data for the biological material which has been exposed in parallel in the Biopan facility. Cosmic ionizing radiation has been monitored and separated in 256 deposited energy spectra, which were further used for determination of the absorbed dose rate and flux. Basic data tables were prepared to be used by other Biopan 5 experiments. The paper summarizes the results for the Earth radiation environment at the altitude (262–304 km) of the Foton M2 spacecraft. Comparisons with the predictions of NASA Earth radiation environment experimental models AE-8 and AP-8, and the PSB97 model are also presented, which calculate the fluxes of ionizing radiation from a simulation. AP-8 is a model for trapped radiation.     

Spectral analysis of 3D MHD models of coronal structures

We study extreme-ultraviolet emission line spectra derived from three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic models of structures in the corona. In order to investigate the effects of increased magnetic activity at photospheric levels in a numerical experiment, a much higher magnetic flux density is applied at the photosphere as compared to the Sun. Thus, we can expect our results to highlight the differences between the Sun and more active, but still solar-like stars. We discuss signatures seen in extreme-ultraviolet emission lines synthesized from these models and compare them to observed signatures in the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of Doppler shifts in lines formed in the transition region and corona. This is of major interest to test the quality of the underlying magnetohydrodynamic model to heat the corona, i.e. currents in the corona driven by photospheric motions (flux braiding).     

光电耦合器位移损伤效应研究

文章针对光电耦合器在空间辐射应用中的位移损伤效应,选取了一种典型的光电耦合器4N25进行了1MeV高能电子辐照试验,获得了辐照后器件电流传输比参数（CTR）的退化与电子注量的关系:在试验注量范围（1.3×1012 ~1.5×1013 cm-2）内,nCTR与电子通量成反比。通过位移损伤对器件及材料作用过程的分析,探讨了光电耦合器位移损伤效应作用机理。     

直升机热管理与红外辐射特性耦合分析方法

未来高性能直升机面临提高能量利用率和抑制红外辐射特性的重大挑战,迫切需要协同解决这两个问题,需要从整机层面探究热管理和红外辐射特性耦合机制,建立耦合分析方法。直升机红外辐射特性不仅受到旋翼下洗流场、前飞流场和环境等外部因素的影响,还受到各子系统部件的工作状态、机身表面的散热口布置和红外抑制器的设计等热管理优化方法的影响。因此,直升机热管理问题和红外抑制问题是强相互耦合,必须统筹考虑。从直升机整机系统的结构特点、系统工作原理和能量平衡关系出发,基于热/质流产生、收集传输、储存利用和传热关系,分析直升机整机系统框架和传热平衡关系,建立以系统部件为内部边界条件、外环境为外部边界条件的整机耦合传热模型;通过对内外部热量的统筹调控与管理,提出热管理优化方法,实现既保障各系统安全高效工作、又提高整机能量利用率,优化红外辐射性能的目的。该模型和方法能为直升机综合热管理的方案设计和红外抑制方法提供支撑。     

基于TDOA的非同步照射辐射源定位算法

针对现有基于信号到达时差（TDOA）的定位算法难以适应辐射源信号非同步到达的定位问题,提出了一种新的非同步照射辐射源定位算法。该算法利用脉冲样本图外推各站辐射源脉冲的到达时间（TOA）序列,进而计算TDOA序列（TDOAs）,解决了非同步照射引起的TDOA计算困难问题,通过两条双曲线的渐近线交点求取初值,通过牛顿迭代法实现对辐射源位置的估计。最后给出的数值仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

强γ射线参考辐射场散射影响研究

采用蒙特卡罗程序MCNP对强γ射线参考辐射场的散射特性进行了模拟,确立了辐射场实验空间内的剂量率和能谱分布。通过多种角度对屏蔽墙散射和在束散射体散射进行了细致的分析,为校准实验室钴源辐射场的实验应用和屏蔽设计提供参考。