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311.
ESA再入探测器的某些空气热动力问题 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
L. MARRAFFA F. MAZOUE Ph. REYNIER C. REIMERS 《中国航空学报》2006,19(2):126-133
给出了两种不同的再入飞行器:充气的再入和下滑演示器(IRDT)和Huygens.两者的任务都涉及在靠近轨道的条件下再入并均已于2005年完成.概述了IRDT的使命和具体设计问题,综述了IRDT最近飞行的初步结果和ESTEC估计Huygens受到的辐射通量采用的方法. 相似文献
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Steven A. Walker Lawrence W. Townsend John W. Norbury 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
Estimates of organ dose equivalents for the skin, eye lens, blood forming organs, central nervous system, and heart of female astronauts from exposures to the 1977 solar minimum galactic cosmic radiation spectrum for various shielding geometries involving simple spheres and locations within the Space Transportation System (space shuttle) and the International Space Station (ISS) are made using the HZETRN 2010 space radiation transport code. The dose equivalent contributions are broken down by charge groups in order to better understand the sources of the exposures to these organs. For thin shields, contributions from ions heavier than alpha particles comprise at least half of the organ dose equivalent. For thick shields, such as the ISS locations, heavy ions contribute less than 30% and in some cases less than 10% of the organ dose equivalent. Secondary neutron production contributions in thick shields also tend to be as large, or larger, than the heavy ion contributions to the organ dose equivalents. 相似文献
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铷原子钟物理部分是铷原子钟的原子鉴频器,决定铷原子钟的短期和长期稳定度(1s以上),其中使用了金属铷、玻璃、镍铁合金等材料和一些双极性晶体管、运算放大器等器件,其核心部件铷泡是一个采用特殊真空工艺制造的器件,这些材料、器件和工艺的低剂量率辐射效应需要实验评价。本文提出并完成了铷原子钟物理部分的低剂量率辐射实验,采用Co60γ源,辐射剂量率0.01rad(Si)/s,总剂量50krad(Si),对铷原子钟物理部分和铷泡的辐射效应分别进行了实验评估。这项研究更加真实地逼近了空间的电离辐射,实验数据对于星载铷原子钟的在轨运行监测和下一代星载铷原子钟的抗辐射设计具有重要的作用。 相似文献
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J. Semkova R. Koleva St. Maltchev N. Bankov V. Benghin I. Chernykh V. Shurshakov V. Petrov S. Drobyshev I. Nikolaev 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2012
The Liulin-5 experiment is a part of the international project MATROSHKA-R on the Russian segment of the ISS, which uses a tissue-equivalent spherical phantom equipped with a set of radiation detectors. The objective of the MATROSHKA-R project is to provide depth dose distribution of the radiation field inside the sphere in order to get more information on the distribution of dose in a human body. Liulin-5 is a charged particle telescope using three silicon detectors. It measures time resolved energy deposition spectra, linear energy transfer (LET) spectra, particle flux, and absorbed doses of electrons, protons and heavy ions, simultaneously at three depths along the radius of the phantom. Measurements during the minimum of the solar activity in cycle 23 show that the average absorbed daily doses at 40 mm depth in the phantom are between 180 μGy/day and 220 μGy/day. The absorbed doses at 165 mm depth in the phantom decrease by a factor of 1.6–1.8 compared to the doses at 40 mm depth due to the self-shielding of the phantom from trapped protons. The average dose equivalent at 40 mm depth is 590 ± 32 μSV/day and the galactic cosmic rays (GCR) contribute at least 70% of the total dose equivalent at that depth. Shown is that due to the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) trapped protons asymmetry and the direction of Liulin-5 lowest shielding zone the dose rates on ascending and descending nodes in SAA are different. The data obtained are compared to data from other radiation detectors on ISS. 相似文献
317.
G. Nath 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2012,49(1):108-120
A self-similar solution is obtained for one dimensional adiabatic flow behind a cylindrical shock wave propagating in a rotating dusty gas in presence of heat conduction and radiation heat flux with increasing energy. The dusty gas is assumed to be a mixture of non-ideal (or perfect) gas and small solid particles, in which solid particles are continuously distributed. It is assumed that the equilibrium flow-condition is maintained and variable energy input is continuously supplied by the piston (or inner expanding surface). The heat conduction is expressed in terms of Fourier’s law and the radiation is considered to be of the diffusion type for an optically thick grey gas model. The thermal conductivity K and the absorption coefficient αR are assumed to vary with temperature only. In order to obtain the similarity solutions the initial density of the ambient medium is assumed to be constant and the angular velocity of the ambient medium is assumed to be decreasing as the distance from the axis increases. The effects of the variation of the heat transfer parameters and non-idealness of the gas in the mixture are investigated. The effects of an increase in (i) the mass concentration of solid particles in the mixture and (ii) the ratio of the density of solid particles to the initial density of the gas on the flow variables are also investigated. 相似文献
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基于晶体塑性本构理论,利用多晶代表性单元从细观尺度研究了ZSGH4169合金在650℃条件下考虑双轴应力状态的循环应力应变行为.计算结果表明:该合金在双轴拉伸应力控制下存在与低周疲劳试验常用的单轴应力状态一致的棘轮效应.对两种应力状态下的结果进行对比发现,在1150MPa应力单轴循环载荷下初始循环残余应变比双轴应力状态高出3倍,且双轴应力状态下最终循环稳定,残余应变约为1.2%,但在单轴应力状态下是不稳定的.对应力和塑性应变累积不均匀性的分析表明:单轴和双轴拉伸状态下,虽然应力和应变分布的不均匀性都随着循环数的增加而增加,但单轴拉伸状态下平均应力随循环数增加,而双轴拉伸状态下几乎为常数. 相似文献
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