用PIV技术测量径向进气旋转盘腔内的流动

将PIV(particle image velocimetry,粒子图像测速仪)技术应用于多功能旋转换热实验台,测量了不同工作状态下径向进气旋转盘腔间的速度场.介绍了实验装置、实验方法和误差分析方法;给出了旋转盘腔间速度场的瞬时值和平均值,测量结果表明了PIV技术能够测量复杂旋转盘腔间的流场,并定量分析影响因素(旋转雷诺数和流量系数)对速度场的影响;同时,分析得出激光反光的控制和示踪粒子的均匀稳定散播是实验成功的关键因素.      

无轴承异步电机无径向位置传感器控制

针对无轴承异步电机(BIM)运行中转子位置辨识问题,提出一种基于改进反电动势法的无位置传感器控制方法.该方法在反电动势法(BEMF)的基础上,通过加入低通滤波器减小径向悬浮力绕组磁链的观测误差,同时对低通滤波器引起的相位和幅值偏差进行补偿,获得改进后的径向悬浮力绕组磁链观测模型,根据磁链-位移方程最终获取转子径向偏移,实现转子径向位移自检测.应用这种位置检测方法,建立了无轴承异步电机无位置传感器矢量控制系统,并进行仿真研究.仿真结果表明:该控制系统不仅能有效检测出转子径向位置,且具有优良的转速和转矩特性.进一步的实验结果同样表明:该方法能具有良好的位置在线自检测能力,实现了无轴承异步电机无位置传感器方式下的稳定悬浮运行.      

非线性系统的结构选择及其参数的集员辨识

基于支持向量回归和RBF(Radial Basis Function)神经网络,研究了带有未知但有界噪声的非线性系统的集员辨识问题.推导了噪声界以及支持向量个数与ε-不敏感参数之间的关系,给出了利用噪声界选择ε-不敏感参数的方法.描述了通过支持向量回归选择RBF神经网络规模的方法.该方法以Gaussian核函数作为径向基函数,支持向量作为径向基函数的中心构建RBF神经网络.运用改进的OBE(Optimal Bounding Ellipsoid)算法对RBF神经网络的权值进行辨识,得到与给定输入输出数据和噪声界序列一致的一类RBF神经网络.仿真算例验证了算法的有效性.     

旋翼多维振动最优调整方法

针对直升机旋翼系统非线性、难以建模的特点,采用径向基函数(RBF,Ra-dial Basis Function)神经网络建立直升机旋翼动平衡调整模型.根据约束条件以直升机机身振动值作为目标函数建立适应度函数,以旋翼系统的调整参数为优化变量,进行神经网络学习和优化.利用粒子群优化(PSO,Particle Swarm Optimization)算法对适应度函数进行寻优,获得当直升机振动最小时的桨叶的调整参数.实验结果表明:PSO算法寻优效率方面高于遗传算法;RBF神经网络和PSO算法相结合可以有效地实现直升机旋翼动平衡调整.     

Study of seasonal variation of winds in upper stratosphere over Hyderabad

A predictability of the stratospheric zonal winds above 38 km during the turnaround is an essential parameter for planning of the high-altitude scientific balloon flights. This information is more relevant in the case of Hyderabad balloon facility which is closer to equator and has much more unstable wind reversal patterns which appears to have changed enormously during the last decade probably in correlation with the global warming. With a majority of our flights reaching the altitudes of 38–42 km and the requirement of long float durations, a prior knowledge of wind pattern during the summer and winter turnaround seasons is highly desirable. Furthermore, the flight operation corridor for balloon flights from Hyderabad is limited to 400 km and though in the west direction there are flat lands, in all other three directions, the landscape is dotted by water bodies, reserve forests and hilly terrain, and therefore need of such a data is essential. In order to establish the climatology of the stratospheric winds and study their inter-annual variability over Hyderabad for the turnaround periods, we have made a detailed analysis of the United Kingdom Meteorological office data between 2000 and 2007, to derive average wind parameters (magnitude, direction) at different ceiling altitudes above 38 km. These results can be used only as general trend of stratospheric wind and should not be the limitation of the UKMO Data.     

引力场模型引起的卫星轨道径向误差的估计结果

本文给出几个最新的地球引力场模型误差引起的卫星轨道径向误差的估计结果,表明JGM3和TEG3优于其它模式,现有模式引起的低轨道卫星的轨道误差较大.      

导流板式减涡器总压损失特性数值模拟

通过数值模拟的方法研究了不同形状的导流板式减涡器对总压损失特性的影响。结果表明,总压的损失主要由气体在减涡器中对导流板做功引起的平缓下降以及由于切向速度过大在转折处引起的迅速下降两部分组成。当导流板较长时,损失主要由气流对导流板做功导致,导流板较短时损失则主要由转折处突降导致。因此,应在起到限制切向速度以降低转折处的突降的同时,尽可能减少气流对导流板的做功。系统总压损失随导流板数量的增多和出口位置的提高呈现先减少后增大的趋势,导流板形状也会对总压损失造成影响。      

导流块深度对楔形空腔内激波聚焦过程的影响

为研究导流块深度对楔形空腔内径向入射激波聚焦过程的影响,对导流块深度分别为0、5、10、15mm的楔形空腔内激波聚焦的过程开展了实验和数值模拟研究。用高速CCD(charge coupled device)拍摄了楔形空腔中气流流动的纹影照片,用动态压力传感器测量了聚焦过程中流场的压力变化,并用高精度的数值方法对该过程进行了数值模拟研究。通过比较不同导流块深度下激波反射聚焦的过程发现:导流块深度越深,前导激波和压缩波两者聚焦的时间间隔越小,因此增大了激波聚焦的强度和空腔底部的压力峰值。导流块深度会影响二次激波形成的时间和发展程度,从而影响激波聚焦过程中楔形空腔内流场的紊乱程度。      

径向冷却通道截面特征长度对气冷稳定器性能影响

通过研究径向冷却通道截面特征长度的改变对气冷稳定器的冷态流场、冷却性能及流动损失的影响,为其进一步的优化设计提供参考依据。采用经过实验验证的CFD方法,对某气冷稳定器进行了数值模拟研究,在所研究的特征长度范围内,结果表明:特征长度的增加,减少了径向冷却通道下部的进气阻力,使得风兜引气率增加了667%;下部出气孔出流由于受到回流涡的影响,出流量明显低于上部出气孔,特征长度的改变对出流量分布的影响不大;特征长度的增加会加强径向稳定器近环形稳定器处的外壁面冷却效果,但是会减弱径向稳定器近中心锥处的外壁面冷却效果;特征长度的增加,使得出口总压恢复系数下降了0.086%,沿程总压恢复系数曲线向下移动。      

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.