T cell regulation in microgravity – The current knowledge from in vitro experiments conducted in space,parabolic flights and ground-based facilities

Dating back to the Apollo and Skylab missions, it has been reported that astronauts suffered from bacterial and viral infections during space flight or after returning to Earth. Blood analyses revealed strongly reduced capability of human lymphocytes to become active upon mitogenic stimulation. Since then, a large number of in vitro studies on human immune cells have been conducted in space, in parabolic flights, and in ground-based facilities. It became obvious that microgravity affects cell morphology and important cellular functions. Observed changes include cell proliferation, the cytoskeleton, signal transduction and gene expression. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge of T cell regulation under altered gravity conditions obtained by in vitro studies with special emphasis on the cell culture conditions used. We propose that future in vitro experiments should follow rigorous standardized cell culture conditions, which allows better comparison of the results obtained in different flight- and ground-based experiment platforms.     

观测站位置状态扰动下Taylor级数迭代定位方法及性能分析

针对具有一般普适意义的定位方程,给出观测站位置状态扰动下基于Taylor级数迭代的目标定位方法,并推导其理论性能。分别在“无校正源(情况a)”和“有校正源(情况b)”两种条件下进行算法推导和理论分析。针对情况(a),给出两种Taylor级数迭代公式,并证明两种方法的定位性能趋于一致,均能够达到相应克拉美罗界;针对情况(b),首先给出基于差分校正的Taylor级数迭代公式,针对其不足提出一种基于两步最优融合的Taylor级数迭代公式,并证明其理论性能可达到相应克拉美罗界。最后,设计两种无源定位实验场景用以验证算法设计与理论分析的有效性。