Calculation of fast neutron removal cross sections for different lunar soils

The interaction of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and solar energetic particles (SEPs) with the lunar surface produces secondary radiations as neutrons. The study of the production and attenuation of these neutrons in the lunar soil is very important to estimate the annual ambient dose equivalent on the lunar surface and for lunar nuclear spectroscopy. Also, understanding the attenuation of fast neutrons in lunar soils can help in measuring of the lunar neutron density profile and to measure the neutron flux on the lunar surface. In this paper, the attenuation of fast neutrons in different lunar soils is investigated. The macroscopic effective removal cross section (_ΣR)$({\mathrm{\Sigma }}_R)$ of fast neutrons was theoretically calculated from the mass removal cross-section values (_ΣR/ρ)$({\mathrm{\Sigma }}_R/\rho )$ for various elements in soils. The obtained values of (_ΣR)$({\mathrm{\Sigma }}_R)$ were discussed according to the density. The results show that the attenuation of fast neutrons is more important in the landing sites of Apollo 12 and Luna 16 than the other landing sites of Apollo and Luna missions.     

射线追踪法在球面收敛调节片喷管RCS计算中的应用

结合射线追踪法的原理,利用自主开发的电磁散射特性计算程序,对具有不同尾缘修型的球面收敛调节片喷管进行了数值模拟计算,分别得到了不同喷管内部腔体散射场和喷管出口边缘绕射场的雷达散射截面积(RCS),并且通过计算获得了不同入射方位角上喷管腔体内壁面上的感应电流,通过对感应电流的分析,从本质上解释了RCS的变化规律.研究结果表明:对喷管出口尾缘所采用的修型措施在降低喷管出口边缘绕射场的RCS和改善喷管电磁隐身性能方面效果显著;相对于普通的遮挡算法,射线追踪法将计算周期缩短了21%以上,明显地提高了计算效率;利用感应电流的分析方法能够清晰直观地从本质上解释RCS的变化规律,并且具有较高的可靠性.      

单反射面紧缩场接收机灵敏度要求评估方法

根据洛伦兹互易定理,提出了一种对单反射面紧缩场接收机灵敏度要求进行评估的方法.分别计算紧缩场馈源发射的电磁波以及标准定标球散射的电磁波在位于反射面和静区中间的参考平面上的近场分布,并考虑反射面效率和馈源发射功率,即可得到在测量过程中,对接收机灵敏度的要求.该方法能够全面反应目标雷达散射截面、工作频率、馈源性能和位置、反射面形状尺寸及其边齿结构和边缘绕射、紧缩场静区中心位置等因素的影响.利用该方法对北京航空航天大学微波暗室紧缩场的接收机灵敏度要求进行评估,并与实验测试结果对比,进而验证该方法的正确性.     

基于粒子轨迹的结冰风洞收缩段优化设计数值模拟

为了研究收缩段型面和液滴轨迹特性对结冰风洞流场品质与结冰试验效果的重要影响,获得收缩段的优化设计参数,采用数值模拟方法,使用二维简化模型对3m×2m结冰风洞收缩段的流场特性进行了研究,对几种典型收缩曲线的流场进行了计算,对比了收缩曲线对沿轴向压力分布、出口截面速度分布、不同粒径云雾粒子的极限释放距离及试验段入口云雾粒子分布的影响,结果表明:三次曲线与x_m为0.4的五次曲线不能满足流场合格指标,其他曲线流场特性差别不大,维氏曲线具有最小极限释放距离,在收缩段出口,三次曲线和五次曲线粒子包络面积最大,综合比较,x_m为0.5的五次曲线能有效兼顾流场均匀性、极限释放距离和收缩段出口粒子包络面积比.      

A New Method for Analyzing Integrated Stealth Ability of Penetration Aircraft

Taking into account the limitations of existing stealth performance analysis methods, a method termed as the integrated stealth performance analysis method is proposed for evaluating the stealth ability of the penetration aircraft. Based on various target radar cross section (RCS) scattering characters, this article integrates the relevant parameters needed for building up target circumferential RCS scattering model and proposes the RCS scattering controlling parameters to control the changing trends of the relevant model RCS scattering characters. According to the radar dynamic detecting characters during the whole penetration course, a dynamic stealth performance evaluating model is proposed accompanied by a series of stealth ability estimation rules. This new analysis method can enhance the integrality and dependability of the stealth analysis conclusions and summarize the relationship between the target RCS scattering characters and their effects on stealth performance. The rules indicated by this relationship can be used as the reference for designing new type of stealth aircraft and setting up specific penetration tactics.     

Multi-frequency RCS Reduction Characteristics of Shape Stealth with MLFMA with Improved MMN

Three new control factors are presented for calculating the multipole mode number (MMN) efficiently and precisely. The effects of these control factors on the number of integral samples and the precision of multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) are investigated. A new approach based on control factors which is proven to be able to improve the computational efficiency and reduce the needed memory significantly as well as ensuring the proper precision. For three aircraft models, the improved MLFMA is employed to analyze their multi-frequency scattering characteristics. It is found that aircraft shape can influence radar cross section (RCS) in different frequency zones. Both the multi-frequency RCS reduction characteristics of shape stealth aircraft and the conventional aircraft with stealth design taken into account are investigated, and the results show that shape stealth exhibits significant RCS reduction in the resonance and high-frequency zones, and with a weaker influence in the Rayleigh zone. Compared with radar absorbing material (RAM), shape stealth yields a wider multi-frequency RCS reduction. The above-mentioned results can be applied to stealth design for multiple frequencies or even for all frequencies.     

基于Bayesian-MCMC估计的隐身飞机RCS模型优化

对隐身飞机的雷达散射截面(RCS)统计建模时,传统方法通过直接计算RCS样本的统计特征估计模型参数,可能会产生较大的拟合误差。本文提出采用贝叶斯-蒙特卡罗(Bayesian-MCMC )方法提高起伏模型的参数估计精度,从而减小模型的拟合误差。首先将卡方分布模型和对数正态分布模型进行贝叶斯推导,得到其特征参数的后验估计表达式。然后采用MCMC算法构造后验分布的马尔可夫链,从而计算特征参数的估计值。最后通过比较2种方法的拟合曲线及其误差可知,本文方法适用于2种起伏模型,模型参数的估计误差比收敛误差门限值低1~2个数量级,2种分布模型的拟合精度均提高50%以上。      

同轴波导与开放式同轴谐振腔的比较研究

文章介绍了同轴波导内场分布的计算公式以及开放式同轴谐振腔的场分布、谐振频率和品质因数的计算公式。通过对同轴波导和开放式同轴谐振腔的比较研究发现,开放式同轴谐振腔实质上就是纵向剖面为缓变截面的同轴波导。     

基于特征模型的高超声速飞行器姿态控制器与自适应滤波算法的设计

提出一种基于特征模型的强跟踪无迹卡尔曼滤波（CSUKF）算法对状态和参数进行联合估计,利用特征模型参数构造时变的二阶状态转移阵,使滤波和辨识模型简化;结合强跟踪滤波（STF）的强跟踪能力和无迹卡尔曼滤波的（UKF）的非线性高逼近性对含测量噪声的高超声速飞行器系统进行参数辨识和滤波,并将其与非线性黄金分割自适应控制律相结合,对高超声速飞行器进行姿态控制.最后,将提出的CSUKF与基于特征模型的无迹卡尔曼滤波（CUKF）和基于特征模型的普通扩展卡尔曼滤波算法（CEKF）进行比较,仿真结果说明CSUKF与非线性黄金分割自适应控制律相结合可以有效改善控制的平稳性,且具有更好的滤波精度和系统输出,从而能更好地处理含测量噪声情况下的高超声速飞行器的辨识与控制问题.     

基于雷达散射截面约束的气动优化设计

采用拉格朗日乘子法优化设计了雷达散射截面约束条件下的锥形融合气动外形.拉格朗日乘子法中的极小化问题采用动态演化的优化设计方法求解.该方法是一种基于非定常演化的优化设计方法,即在求解非定常流动支配方程的时候同时履行优化过程,较其它基于定常解的优化方法具有高得多的计算效率.其中的雷达散射截面通过求解非结构的笛卡儿网格上的时域麦克斯韦方程来得到,而升阻比则通过求解锥形流方程来计算.通过优化设计,得到了M∞=8.0时,升阻比为4.98,雷达散射截面只有1.66m2的锥形融合气动外形.