Optimising filtering of two-line element sets to increase re-entry prediction accuracy for GTO objects

Predicting re-entry epoch of space objects enables managing the risk to ground population. Predictions are particularly difficult for objects in highly-elliptical orbits, and important for objects with components that can survive re-entry, e.g. rocket bodies (R/Bs). This paper presents a methodology to filter two-line element sets (TLEs) to facilitate accurate re-entry prediction of such objects. Difficulties in using TLEs for precise analyses are highlighted and a set of filters that identifies erroneous element sets is developed. The filter settings are optimised using an artificially generated TLE time series. Optimisation results are verified on real TLEs by analysing the automatically found outliers for exemplar R/Bs. Based on a study of 96 historical re-entries, it is shown that TLE filtering is necessary on all orbital elements that are being used in a given analysis in order to avoid considerably inaccurate results.     

固体火箭发动机设计优化参数驾驭技术与应用研究——设计空间确定算法及快速优化方法

设计空间确定算法首先指定一个粗略设计空间,然后利用设计优化驾驭机制逐步调整设计变量值,使其进入满足系统约束的"绿色走廊",最终获得各设计变量取值范围,即为有效设计空间.基于试验设计和坐标轮换法的设计优化参数驾驭快速优化方法,首先通过试验设计对设计空间进行粗略探索,优选较好的设计初始点;从得到的初始点出发,应用坐标轮换思想进行设计优化,其中设计变量优选顺序和单变量优化方向,由设计人员运用设计优化参数驾驭手段,融合设计知识经验进行,最终获得一个或多个较优解.用于高压强固体火箭发动机的设计优化,设计空间确定算法使有效设计空间大大缩小,优化效率提高34%.快速优化方法使设计优化过程完全透明,可用于发动机初步方案设计阶段,快速获得多组较优设计方案.     

“多对多”模式下GEO卫星在轨加注任务规划

随着在轨服务技术的发展和对航天器发射运营成本的控制，航天器在轨服务模式将由“一对一”服务逐步发展为“一对多”“多对多”的服务模式。在具有多个服务目标的模式下，针对服务航天器的任务分配与规划将变得尤为关键。因此，本文研究了多服务航天器为多个地球同步轨道(GEO)卫星进行在轨加注的任务规划问题。首先，考虑服务航天器容量约束、服务路径约束等多类约束条件，以最小化燃料消耗为优化指标，以每个服务航天器的服务顺序为决策变量，建立“多对多”在轨加注任务规划模型。其次，针对遗传算法局部搜索能力差、易陷入局部最优的缺陷，设计了一种将大邻域搜索算法和遗传算法相结合的混合启发式算法(LNS-GA)，用以求解该任务规划问题。该算法利用大邻域搜索算法中的“破坏”和“修复”思想，对遗传算法每一代种群中的精英个体进行进一步的迭代搜索，从而增强算法的局部搜索能力。最后，通过设定的仿真场景与单一遗传算法进行仿真对比，验证了本文所提出算法的有效性和优越性。     

Observations in the thermal IR and visible of a retired satellite in the graveyard orbit,and comparisons to active satellites in GEO

There exists a population of defunct satellites in the geo-stationary arc that potentially pose a hazard to current and future operational satellites. These drifting, non-station-kept objects have a variety of ages and sizes, and many are trapped in libration orbits around the Earth?s two gravitational potential wells (the non-spherical nature of the Earth gives rise to two geo-potential wells or “stable points” that affect objects in geostationary and geosynchronous orbits), whereas others were boosted to higher altitudes into so-called “graveyard” orbits.     

Longitude-dependent effects of fragmentation events in the geosynchronous orbit regime

The effects of on-orbit fragmentation events on localized debris congestion in each of the longitude slots of the geosynchronous orbit (GEO) regime are evaluated by simulating explosions and collisions of uncontrolled rocket bodies in multiple orbit configurations, including libration about one or both of the gravitational wells located at 75°E and 105°W. Fragmentation distributions are generated with the NASA Standard Breakup Model, which samples fragment area-to-mass ratio and delta-velocity as a function of effective diameter. Simulation results indicate that the long-term severity and consequence of a GEO fragmentation event is strongly dependent upon parent body longitude at the epoch of fragmentation, which can spawn bi-annual “fragment storms” in high-risk longitude slots, driven by lower-energy fragments that have been captured and have started librating around the nearby gravitational well.     

Long-term photometric signature study of two GEO satellites

Geostationary earth orbit satellites have been extensively used for unique high-orbit stationary characteristics. Long-term precise investigation is an important issue in the observation of GEO satellites, since it can provide valuable information on the satellites’ operation state, discrimination and early warning analysis. Ground-based optical-electronic devices play a significant role in the observation. 4-month photometric signature variation of two satellites is presented based on the successive observations using the 1.56-meter telescope of Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (SHAO). It can be concluded that the long-term brightness change mainly results from the sun declination angle and regular orbit maneuver. Moreover, the solar panel offsets of the two satellites are analyzed and found to be approximately 4 degrees. Estimation of photometric accuracy reaches 0.15 mag for the application of CCD drift-scan optical-electronic technique.     

小行星远距离抵近轨道

讨论了小行星引力一阶项可被忽略情况下的小行星远距离轨道设计及动力学。此时,航天器的运动受太阳引力和太阳光压的影响。航天器和小行星的加速度之差在这两者之间形成的独特的相对动力学,为航天器在小行星附近停驻与观测提供特定轨道。完整解决了小行星处于圆形日心轨道这一较简单情况,也考虑和阐述了椭圆轨道情况,并取得了一些初步结果。     

中国月球探测任务轨道确定技术及发展综述

月球探测器的轨道确定是完成月球探测任务的基础,在我国月球探测任务的引领下,在我国深空测控体系发展的同时,轨道确定技术也得到了快速的进步。从时空参考框架和动力学模型两个方面介绍了我国月球探测任务轨道确定技术的发展过程,基于时空参考框架的优化及动力学模型的改进,我国月球探测器的轨道确定能力及精度也不断提升,这对于当前及后续的月球探测任务都有很好的借鉴意义。     

“火卫1”轨道预报与动力学分析

使用数值积分的方法对"火卫1"(Phobos)轨道进行预报计算,介绍了计算"火卫1"轨道时考虑的动力模型与数值积分方法,分析了不同动力模型及参量对轨道计算结果的影响,并确定最终选择的模型。最后将计算结果与不同机构发布的最新历表进行比较,计算位置和轨道根数的差异。得到的结果与各星历之间差异的量级相同,进而验证了相关模型和算法的精度和可靠性。该轨道预报算法模型与分析结果将对"火卫1"探测任务提供参考。     

基于实时SSR数据的LEO卫星精密单点定位研究

对目前低轨卫星实时定位的方法进行了研究,现在通常采用GPS定位,使用广播星历和普通晶振,实时定位精度一般在10m以内,不能满足高精度实时定位的需求。IGS组织在全球范围内对GPS跟踪分析,生成精密星历、精密钟差产品、按SSR格式的广播星历和钟差修正产品并在网上发布。对这些IGS产品进行了调查,提出在现有测控支持情况下,可以通过高密度上注SSR信息流实现在轨高精度定位。以某型号低轨微小卫星在轨导航增强载荷为应用背景,用IGS03产品中的1057和1058数据对双频GPS接收机的星历和钟差进行修正,采用递推最小二乘估计和LAMDA模糊度固定过对载波相位和伪距信息进行处理,在短时间内获得亚米级定位结果。