多元线性回归在引气系统故障诊断中的应用

针对利用快速存取记录器(QAR)数据进行民机系统故障诊断问题,以民机引气系统为对象,提出了一种适合多飞行循环数据特点的多元线性回归模型的故障检测方法.首先建立了多飞行循环数据的引气系统性能多元线性回归模型,设计了飞行循环和飞行循环内故障检测方法;然后采用最大后验估计方法进行模型参数估计;最后设计了适合多飞行循环数据的模型参数最大后验估计算法.借助仿真数据和航空公司收集的实际飞行数据对方法进行了验证,结果表明了该方法有效且具有一定工程应用价值.      

Accurate orbit predictions for debris orbit manoeuvre using ground-based lasers

Orbit manoeuvre of low Earth orbiting (LEO) debris using ground-based lasers has been proposed as a cost-effective means to avoid debris collisions. This requires the orbit of the debris object to be determined and predicted accurately so that the laser beam can be locked on the debris without the loss of valuable laser operation time. This paper presents the method and results of a short-term accurate LEO (<900 km in altitude) debris orbit prediction study using sparse laser ranging data collected by the EOS Space Debris Tracking System (SDTS). A main development is the estimation of the ballistic coefficients of the LEO objects from their archived long-term two line elements (TLE). When an object is laser tracked for two passes over about 24 h, orbit prediction (OP) accuracy of 10–20 arc seconds for the next 24–48 h can be achieved – the accuracy required for laser debris manoeuvre. The improvements in debris OP accuracy are significant in other applications such as debris conjunction analyses and the realisation of daytime debris laser tracking.     

基于广义正则化最小二乘的天基测向初定轨

传统天基测向初定轨的不足,主要是由于观测数据存在系统误差和观测方程组的系数矩阵病态或不可逆。文章建立观测方程的半参数回归模型,提出基于补偿最小二乘估计和岭估计的广义正则化最小二乘估计,推导了估计公式,并证明了相关统计性质。引入选主列Givens-QR分解算法,提高观测方程求解效率和数值计算稳定性。仿真结果表明:该方法应用于天基测向初定轨可行,可以提高定轨精度和解算成功率。     

2010年4月地球同步轨道相对论电子增强事件分析

为研究2010年4月地球同步轨道相对论电子通量异常增强事件的原因, 选取了2004-2010年之间高速太阳风下7个类似事件进行对比分析. 探讨了多种可能导致此次异常事件的太阳风和地磁条件. 结果表明, 较弱的磁暴使得相对论电子高通量区域更接近同步轨道, 此外, 哨声波加速很可能在2010年4月地球同步轨道相对论电子通量异常增强事件中起到重要作用. 磁暴强度与种子电子的注入深度密切相关, 表现为Dst指数曲线的形态与能量为30～100keV的电子高通量区域的下边缘高度吻合. 能量为30～100keV电子的注入深度影响了能量大于300keV的电子出现的磁层区域. 此事件中, 由于磁暴相对较弱, 种子电子向内磁层注入的深度较浅, 更靠近同步轨道区域, 这使得相对论电子大量出现的区域也靠近同步轨道, 最终导致同步轨道相对论电子通量异常增强. 另外, 2010年4月地球同步轨道相对论电子通量异常增强事件中, 高强度的亚暴提供了充足的种子电子并加强了波粒相互作用, 这也是相对论电子增强的必要条件.      

Degradation of thermal control materials under a simulated radiative space environment

A spacecraft with a passive thermal control system utilizes various thermal control materials to maintain temperatures within safe operating limits. Materials used for spacecraft applications are exposed to harsh space environments such as ultraviolet (UV) and particle (electron, proton) irradiation and atomic oxygen (AO), undergo physical damage and thermal degradation, which must be considered for spacecraft thermal design optimization and cost effectiveness. This paper describes the effect of synergistic radiation on some of the important thermal control materials to verify the assumptions of beginning-of-life (BOL) and end-of-life (EOL) properties. Studies on the degradation in the optical properties (solar absorptance and infrared emittance) of some important thermal control materials exposed to simulated radiative geostationary space environment are discussed. The current studies are purely related to the influence of radiation on the degradation of the materials; other environmental aspects (e.g., thermal cycling) are not discussed. The thermal control materials investigated herein include different kind of second-surface mirrors, white anodizing, white paints, black paints, multilayer insulation materials, varnish coated aluminized polyimide, germanium coated polyimide, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and poly tetra fluoro ethylene (PTFE). For this purpose, a test in the constant vacuum was performed reproducing a three year radiative space environment exposure, including ultraviolet and charged particle effects on North/South panels of a geostationary three-axis stabilized spacecraft. Reflectance spectra were measured in situ in the solar range (250–2500 nm) and the corresponding solar absorptance values were calculated. The test methodology and the degradations of the materials are discussed. The most important degradations among the low solar absorptance materials were found in the white paints whereas the rigid optical solar reflectors remained quite stable. Among the high solar absorptance elements, as such the change in the solar absorptance was very low, in particular the germanium coated polyimide was found highly stable.     

基于混合粒子滤波的载波估计算法

针对粒子滤波载波估计算法的高复杂度、粒子退化及贫化问题,提出了一种基于混合粒子滤波的载波估计方法.该方法引入多阶马尔科夫模型,采用多个非零均值高斯分布的加权和来近似重要性函数的最佳选择,并根据最大后验概率准则规范粒子的迭代计算.仿真结果表明,在非高斯噪声环境下,低轨卫星通信TDMA/DEQPSK(Time Division Multiple Address/Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)数据帧非合作接收载波估计时,与基于经典粒子滤波的载波估计算法相比,提高了粒子"效率",在误码性能相当的情况下,有效降低了计算复杂度.     

基于逆多项式轨迹成形法的小推力轨道设计

轨迹成形法是一种基于反向设计思想的轨道设计方法,它假设待研究的轨道呈现某一形状,利用数学曲线进行逼近从而得到设计结果.逆多项式轨迹成形法为小推力地球转移轨道设计和数值求解最优轨迹过程中初值的选取提供了新的研究思路.首先结合轨道动力学方程和逆多项式曲线模型给出了轨迹成形法的设计过程,并在考虑时间约束的情况下对小推力转移轨道进行设计.仿真结果表明逆多项式轨迹成形法适宜于小推力转移轨道设计,并且其设计结果是一组近优解,可以作为求取精确最优轨迹的初值猜测.     

Generating precise and homogeneous orbits for Jason-1 and Jason-2

Driven by the GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security) and GGOS (Global Geodetic Observing System) initiatives the user community has a strong demand for high-quality altimetry products. In order to derive such high-quality altimetry products, precise orbits for the altimetry satellites are a necessity. With the launch of the TOPEX/Poseidon mission in 1992 a still on-going time series of high-accuracy altimetry measurements of ocean topography started, continued by the altimetry missions Jason-1 in 2001 and Jason-2/OSTM in 2008. This paper contributes to the on-going orbit reprocessing carried out by several groups and presents the efforts of the Navigation Support Office at ESA/ESOC using its NAPEOS software for the generation of precise and homogeneous orbits referring to the same reference frame for the altimetry satellites Jason-1 and Jason-2. Data of all three tracking instruments on-board the satellites (beside the altimeter), i.e. GPS, DORIS, and SLR measurements, were used in a combined data analysis. About 7 years of Jason-1 data and more than 1 year of Jason-2 data were processed. Our processing strategy is close to the GDR-C standards. However, we estimated slightly different scaling factors for the solar radiation pressure model of 0.96 and 0.98 for Jason-1 and Jason-2, respectively. We used 30 s sampled GPS data and introduced 30 s satellite clocks stemming from ESOC’s reprocessing of the combined GPS/GLONASS IGS solution. We present the orbit determination results, focusing on the benefits of adding GPS data to the solution. The fully combined solution was found to give the best orbit results. We reach a post-fit RMS of the GPS phase observation residuals of 6 mm for Jason-1 and 7 mm for Jason-2. The DORIS post-fit residuals clearly benefit from using GPS data in addition, as the DORIS data editing improves. The DORIS observation RMS for the fully combined solution is with 3.5 mm and 3.4 mm, respectively, 0.3 mm better than for the DORIS-SLR solution. Our orbit solution agrees well with external solutions from other analysis centers, as CNES, LCA, and JPL. The orbit differences between our fully combined orbits and the CNES GDR-C orbits are of about 0.8 cm for Jason-1 and at 0.9 cm for Jason-2 in the radial direction. In the cross-track component we observe a clear improvement when adding GPS data to the POD process. The 3D-RMS of the orbit differences reveals a good orbit consistency at 2.7 cm and 2.9 cm for Jason-1 and Jason-2. Our resulting orbit series for both Jason satellites refer to the ITRF2005 reference frame and are provided in sp3 file format on our ftp server.     

“嫦娥4号”中继星应急轨道控制策略设计与分析

"嫦娥4号"中继星作为"嫦娥4号"任务的重要组成部分,不同于其它月球探测器,首次选择绕地月L2平动点运行的Halo轨道以保证为月球背面的着陆器和巡视器提供连续的中继通信服务,这面临诸多技术挑战。基于任务需求和工程约束,梳理了中继星全寿命与轨道控制相关的故障类型,制定了多级应急控制目标,给出了分阶段应急轨道控制方案,提出将Lissajous轨道作为应急备选使命轨道,分析了推进剂消耗、中继测控条件和可行性,研究成果直接应用于中继星任务工程实践。     

太阳同步冻结轨道星座保持与捕获

太阳同步冻结轨道卫星在经过同一星下点时光照特性和轨道高度相同,便于载荷观测及定标.由多颗太阳同步冻结轨道卫星组成的星座,需要实现星座成员轨道倾角、轨道高度、偏心率矢量和相对轨道幅角的同时保持.提出了基于切向单脉冲的最低燃耗轨道面内保持策略,证明了该策略的稳定性和燃料最优性,给出了太阳同步轨道地方时保持简单算法.仿真证明...