空间原子氧环境对常用热控涂层的影响

空间原子氧（AO）是影响低地球轨道（LEO）航天器在轨性能的主要空间环境因素之一,其强氧化性能够对热控涂层和组件造成危害。文章分析了空间AO及相关综合环境对白漆、黑漆、有色有机漆、薄膜、织物、二次表面镜等各类常用热控涂层在LEO长期使用时可能引起的环境效应和危害,提出了相关使用建议,以期为今后我国以空间站为代表的LEO长寿命航天器论证及研制提供技术参考。     

基于GA-PSO的低轨星座传感器资源优化调度方法

针对低轨星座目标跟踪传感器资源调度,基于函数优化和组合优化理论,建立了传感器资源优化调度模型,并设计了基于遗传算法-粒子群优化(GA-PSO)的优化调度算法。仿真结果表明,与现有的构造优化调度算法相比,该算法的性能更优,但运算量有所增加。     

太阳同步轨道电子探测器的多方向设计研究

为实现观测电子投掷角分布的目标,本文讨论了太阳同步轨道三轴稳定卫星电子观测的多方向设计。分析了磁层电子投掷角分布特征,并根据太阳同步轨道卫星的轨道参数,计算得到卫星运行轨迹上,三个探测器常用安装面正入射粒子的投掷角。在此基础上,进行电子探测器的探测方向设计,结果表明探测器要在任何安装面都满足投掷角观测要求,至少需要在0°、10°、20°、25°、35°、45°、70°、80°和90°共9个方向上设计探测窗口。     

超低轨卫星气动参数及转动惯量在轨实时辨识

给出了超低轨卫星气动参数和转动惯量的在轨实时辨识方法。针对超低轨卫星所处的稀薄流环境,建立了镜面-漫反射模型稀薄流散射系数的傅里叶级数模型。根据卫星姿态动力学与运动学方程推导了傅里叶级数模型中各气动参数以及卫星转动惯量的线性观测模型。以采用气动主动控制方式的近地圆轨道纳星为仿真对象,用递推最小二乘法进行在轨实时辨识,辨识结果与设定值一致。方法对卫星在轨实时控制时需获取高精度的气动力矩和卫星真实转动惯量有重要的意义。     

基于星间链路的分布式导航自主定轨算法研究

针对脱离地面支持自主定轨的导航应用需求,提出了基于星间链路双向测距的自主导航定轨算法。文章分析了导航星座星间链路双向伪距测量模型,给出了分布式自主定轨数据流程,设计了导航星座基于星间链路分布式自主定轨算法。根据国际卫星导航服务组织公开的真实GPS系统事后精密星历,对本文设计的自主定轨算法进行仿真验证,结果表明：采用该设计的自主导航算法在自主定轨90天末期,用户测距误差（URE）达到30 m左右,验证了该设计的自主定轨算法具有较高的自主定轨精度。     

基于双星编队的空间非合作目标联合定轨方法

针对单颗卫星对空间非合作目标的纯测角跟踪定轨系统存在观测几何条件差和定轨误
差较大的缺点,提出利用双星编队对空间非合作目标进行协同观测。该方法引入平方根无迹
卡尔曼滤波(UKF)算法,并融合地面站观测双星编队信息、双星编队星间测量数据以及双星
编队对空间目标光学观测信息进行整网定轨,实现在纯测角条件下双星编队对空间非合作目
标的实时跟踪。仿真结果表明该方法可以改进观测几何条件和提高空间非合作目标的跟踪定
轨精度。     

同波束VLBI技术用于月球双探测器精密定轨及重力场解算

同波束VLBI通过同时观测两个探测器的多点频信号,可以得到两个探测器之间高精度的差分相位时延,日本月球探测计划SELENE充分体现了这一技术在月球探测器精密定轨中的贡献。本文针对采样返回的月球探测任务中,轨道器和返回器同时绕月飞行期间,研究利用同波束VLBI跟踪数据在探测器精密定轨和月球重力场仿真解算中的贡献。结果表明,加入同波束VLBI跟踪数据之后,探测器定轨精度有显著提高,改进超过一个量级。综合同波束VLBI跟踪数据解算得到的重力场模型相比于传统的USB双程测距测速数据,中低阶次位系数精度有明显改进,并且定轨精度有望能达到米级。
     

地球同步轨道光学遥感卫星高精度高稳定度控制技术

介绍了我国新一代地球同步轨道光学遥感卫星控制系统的组成及技术特点,给出了关键部件的技术指标.描述了高轨遥感卫星在高精高稳快速机动、适应斜切遮光罩的全自主阳光规避、地速补偿以及高定位精度设计和实现的控制策略,给出的在轨实际数据遥测曲线验证了设计和实现的正确性,为我国后续更高分辨率地球同步轨道光学遥感卫星的发展奠定了坚实基础.     

International scientific optical network for space debris research

A joint team of researchers under the auspices of the Center for Space Debris Information Collection, Processing and Analysis of the Russian Academy of Sciences collaborates with 15 observatories around the world to perform observations of space debris. For this purpose, 14 telescopes were equipped with charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras, Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, CCD frame processing and ephemeris computation software, with the support of the European and Russian grants. Many of the observation campaigns were carried out in collaboration with the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB) team operating at the Zimmerwald observatory and conducting research for the European Space Agency (ESA), using the Tenerife/Teide telescope for searching and tracking of unknown objects in the geostationary region (GEO). More than 130,000 measurements of space objects along a GEO arc of 340.9°, collected and processed at Space Debris Data Base in the Ballistic Center of the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics (KIAM) in 2005–2006, allowed us to find 288 GEO objects that are absent in the public orbital databases and to determine their orbital elements. Methods of discovering and tracking small space debris fragments at high orbits were developed and tested. About 40 of 150 detected unknown objects of magnitudes 15–20.5 were tracked during many months. A series of dedicated 22-cm telescopes with large field of view for GEO survey tasks is in process of construction. 7 60-cm telescopes will be modernized in 2007.     

GPS-based relative navigation for the Proba-3 formation flying mission

The primary objective of the Proba-3 mission is to build a solar coronagraph composed of two satellites flying in close formation on a high elliptical orbit and tightly controlled at apogee. Both spacecraft will embark a low-cost GPS receiver, originally designed for low-Earth orbits, to support the mission operations and planning during the perigee passage, when the GPS constellation is visible. The paper demonstrates the possibility of extending the utilization range of the GPS-based navigation system to serve as sensor for formation acquisition and coarse formation keeping. The results presented in the paper aim at achieving an unprecedented degree of realism using a high-fidelity simulation environment with hardware-in-the-loop capabilities. A modified version of the flight-proven PRISMA navigation system, composed of two single-frequency Phoenix GPS receivers and an advanced real-time onboard navigation filter, has been retained for this analysis. For several-day long simulations, the GPS receivers are replaced by software emulation to accelerate the simulation process. Special attention has been paid to the receiver link budget and to the selection of a proper attitude profile. Overall the paper demonstrates that, despite a limited GPS tracking time, the onboard navigation filter gets enough measurements to perform a relative orbit determination accurate at the centimeter level at perigee. Afterwards, the orbit prediction performance depends mainly on the quality of the onboard modeling of the differential solar radiation pressure acting on the satellites. When not taken into account, this perturbation is responsible for relative navigation errors at apogee up to 50 m. The errors can be reduced to only 10 m if the navigation filter is able to model this disturbance with 70% fidelity.