主/从动式组合旋翼悬停状态气动特性分析

针对传统直升机构型中主旋翼旋转时产生的扭矩需要尾翼或是反向旋转的共轴旋翼加以抵消,从而造成能量浪费的问题,以将主旋翼旋转时产生的扭矩转化为升力为出发点,提出了一种主旋翼带动下方无动力旋翼旋转的主/从动式组合旋翼气动布局构型。通过动量叶素理论以及CFD数值模拟中的多重参考系法,对主/从动式组合旋翼悬停状态的气动特性进行了初步分析,结果表明,此构型中的下方从动旋翼利用上方主动旋翼的扭矩产生了额外10%的升力,同时下方从动旋翼在上方主动旋翼引流的有利干扰下升力系数提高了35%。     

舰载机惯导动基座传递对准基准系统技术研究

根据舰载机惯导动基座高精度对准的需求,从系统顶层设计的角度,引入数字停机位空间坐标系概念,建立了舰载机惯导动基座传递对准的基准。在此基础上,分析了杆臂效应和船体挠曲变形对基准精度的影响,并给出了相应的处理模型和方法。舰载机可直接引入该基准坐标系下的导航信息进行对准,无须关注舰船性能参数和主导航安装位置等,有利于减少惯导动基座对准技术难度,提高对准效率。     

IDS contribution to ITRF2008

For the first time, the International DORIS Service (IDS) has produced a technique level combination based on the contributions of seven analysis centers (ACs), including the European Space Operations Center (ESOC), Geodetic Observatory Pecny (GOP), Geoscience Australia (GAU), the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), the Institut Géographique National (IGN), the Institute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences (INASAN, named as INA), and CNES/CLS (named as LCA). The ACs used five different software packages to process the DORIS data from 1992 to 2008, including NAPEOS (ESA), Bernese (GOP), GEODYN (GAU, GSC), GIPSY/OASIS (INA), and GINS (LCA). The data from seven DORIS satellites, TOPEX/Poseidon, SPOT-2, SPOT-3, SPOT-4, SPOT-5, Envisat and Jason-1 were processed and all the analysis centers produced weekly SINEX files in either variance–covariance or normal equation format. The processing by the analysis centers used the latest GRACE-derived gravity models, forward modelling of atmospheric gravity, updates to the radiation pressure modelling to improve the DORIS geocenter solutions, denser parameterization of empirically determined drag coefficients to improve station and EOP solutions, especially near the solar maximum in 2001–2002, updated troposphere mapping functions, and an ITRF2005-derived station set for orbit determination, DPOD2005. The CATREF software was used to process the weekly AC solutions, and produce three iterations of an IDS global weekly combination. Between the development of the initial solution IDS-1, and the final solution, IDS-3, the ACs improved their analysis strategies and submitted updated solutions to eliminate troposphere-derived biases in the solution scale, to reduce drag-related degradations in station positioning, and to refine the estimation strategy to improve the combination geocenter solution. An analysis of the frequency content of the individual AC geocenter and scale solutions was used as the basis to define the scale and geocenter of the IDS-3 combination. The final IDS-3 combination has an internal position consistency (WRMS) that is 15 to 20 mm before 2002 and 8 to 10 mm after 2002, when 4 or 5 satellites contribute to the weekly solutions. The final IDS-3 combination includes solutions for 130 DORIS stations on 67 different sites of which 35 have occupations over 16 years (1993.0–2009.0). The EOPs from the IDS-3 combination were compared with the IERS 05 C04 time series and the RMS agreement was 0.24 mas and 0.35 mas for the X and Y components of polar motion. The comparison to ITRF2005 in station position shows an agreement of 6 to 8 mm RMS in horizontal and 10.3 mm in height. The RMS comparison to ITRF2005 in station velocity is at 1.8 mm/year on the East component, to 1.2 mm/year in North component and 1.6 mm/year in height.     

Environmental reference systems for large-scale spaces

Human navigation in well-known environments is guided by stored memory representations of spatial information. In three experiments (N = 43) we investigated the role of different spatial reference systems when accessing information about familiar objects at different locations in the city in which the participants lived. Our results indicate that two independent reference systems underly the retrieval of spatial knowledge. Environmental characteristics, e.g., the streets at an intersection, determine which headings are easier to imagine at a given location and lead to differences in accessibility of spatial information (orientation-specific behavior). In addition, access to spatial information depends on the relative direction of a location with respect to the imagined heading, such that information about locations imagined in front of oneself is easier to access than about locations towards the back. This influence of an egocentric reference system was found for environmental knowledge as well as map-based knowledge. In light of these reference system effects, position-dependent models of spatial memory for large-scale environments are discussed. To account for the simultaneous effect of an environmental and an egocentric reference system, we present a 2-level model of spatial memory access.     

永磁同步电机无传感器转子位置观测器研究

永磁同步电机的运动是一个强耦合非线性动态过程,旋转高频电压注入下 的电机模型存在建模误差,数据采集存在测量噪声和系统噪声,采用传统的线性控制理 论难以达到要求。提出了以不依赖于准确数学模型的广义预测控制算法为基础的转子位 置观测器,可有效提高转子位置检测精度,增强抗干扰能力。仿真实验结果表明,在存 在建模误差和噪声的情况下,基于广义预测控制算法位置观测器的旋转高频注入法可准 确追踪转子位置。     

攻角试飞测试基准的误差修正

阐述了攻角测量误差的成因和攻角试飞校准的必要性。选定机头空速管攻角传感器为攻角试飞的测试基准，分析其攻角探测特性，并运用细长旋成体理论重点计算了机体绕流对攻角测量的影响量。探讨了攻角试飞测试基准的误差修正问题。     

NUM-1060 Ⅱ CNC系统自动回零程序设计

本文介绍了采用NUM-1060ⅡCNC系统，在设计制造CX600数控车铣加工中心过程中，通过E变量判断回零状态，调用Part功能子程序，完成自动回零的方法。该方法切实可行，已用于生产实际。     

轻型塔架挠度速算法

本文介绍了轻型塔架的挠度速算法,并以三角形截面的钢塔架为例题作了计算公式推导。这种方法具有计算简单和具有足够精度的优点。     

Influence of the gravitational vertical on geometric visual illusions

The occurrence of geometric orientation illusions and the perception of ambiguous figures were analyzed in 24 subjects during static body tilt relative to gravity on Earth. Results showed that illusions such as the Rock's diamond/square, the Ponzo illusion, and orientation contrast illusions occurred less frequently, and that depth reversal of ambiguous figures took more time when subjects were lying on their side or supine compared to upright, thus suggesting that the gravitational reference plays a significant role in these “visual” illusions. The structure of images, our representation of the environment, and orientation relative to gravity are all integral parts in interpreting visual images. In a weightless environment where no gravitational reference can be used, it is expected that similar alterations in visual perception will occur.     

SCOR模型浅析

本文介绍了供应链运作参考模型的产生及主要构成,与其它绩效考核体系的区别,以及对于供应链管理的作用.