Abundances of Light Elements

This paper briefly reviews a few relevant features about the abundances of light elements (D, ⁴He, ⁶Li, ⁷Li, ⁹Be) in the Milky Way. It places special emphasis on metal-poor stars. Observational concerns are discussed. The use of ⁷Li and ⁶Li as cosmological probes and of ⁹Be as a chronometer for the early evolution of our Galaxy are discussed.     

在线加工用高精度二维微小角度传感器的设计

提出了一种基于内反射效应的二维微小角度传感器的设计方法。该传感器采用光学差动法,通过检测光强实现了对二维方向上微小角度的测量。研制的角度传感器俯仰角和偏转角的测量范围为±500arcsec;具有优于0.1arcsec的分辨力。     

Process of establishing design requirements and selecting alternative configurations for conceptual design of a VLA

In this study, a process for establishing design requirements and selecting alternative con-figurations for the conceptual phase of aircraft design has been proposed. The proposed process uses system-engineering-based requirement-analysis techniques such as objective tree, analytic hier-archy process, and quality function deployment to establish logical and quantitative standards. Moreover, in order to perform a logical selection of alternative aircraft configurations, it uses advanced decision-making methods such as morphological matrix and technique for order prefer-ence by similarity to the ideal solution. In addition, a preliminary sizing tool has been developed to check the feasibility of the established performance requirements and to evaluate the flight perfor-mance of the selected configurations. The present process has been applied for a two-seater very light aircraft (VLA), resulting in a set of tentative design requirements and two families of VLA configurations: a high-wing configuration and a low-wing configuration. The resulting set of design requirements consists of three categories: customer requirements, certification requirements, and performance requirements. The performance requirements include two mission requirements for the flight range and the endurance by reflecting the customer requirements. The flight performances of the two configuration families were evaluated using the sizing tool developed and the low-wing configuration with conventional tails was selected as the best baseline configuration for the VLA.     

基于局部大气偏振特性的仿生导航方法

目前主流的偏振导航算法中，思路通常为通过对全天域偏振图像的获取拟合出太阳子午线或中性点的位置，进而判断导航方向。现提出一种新的导航方向获取算法，可在小视场条件下，通过对太阳方向矢量的拟合判断导航方向。在此基础上进行了计算机仿真和室外实验，利用偏振相机获取了天顶区域大气偏振分布模式；利用斯托克斯矢量分析法解算出了大气偏振模式的分布情况，包括其中偏振度和偏振角的信息，初步证实了解算算法在实际情况下的可行性和精度，导航精度可达到0.2°左右。     

偏振光导航

本文简单的介绍了偏振光导航的发展背景、偏振光导航的基本原理以及偏振光导航的发展历程,同时提出了偏振光导航需要解决的问题。     

环境压力、参数相关性对PDE性能的影响研究

以非稳态方式工作的脉冲爆震发动机（PDE），环境压力、参数之间的强相关性对其性能影响很大。计算结果表明：对于直管PDE，随着环境压力的减小，比冲单调增加，而推力是先减小后增加：直管PDE加装锥形扩张喷管后．低环境压力下可使比冲和推力增加．但高环境压力下会使PDE性能显著恶化。经数学推导发现。参数之间的强相关性为PDE的高性能做出了贡献。     

飞机驾驶舱自动调光系统中光照传感器布局设计

为满足飞机驾驶舱自动调光系统中环境光检测需要,本文提出一种光照传感器布局方法,该布局方法首先利用SPEOS光学仿真软件分析驾驶舱各区域在不同季节、航向、时间点时的环境光分布;其次,结合各区域发光器件分布情况,确定出光照传感器安装的候选位置;最后,在自然光环境下验证光照传感器候选位置的合理性,并根据验证结果确立光照传感器安装位置。该布局设计方法结合了光分布仿真分析的快速性、可重复性和自然光环境验测真实性的优点,能实现驾驶舱光照传感器的合理布置,为驾驶舱自动调光系统提供准确的环境光信息。     

一种高精度星敏感器用遮光罩

分析星敏感器在轨所受到的杂光的特点,对星敏感器常用的遮光罩结构进行分析和对比说明.给出一种结构简单、体积和重量较小的一级遮光罩,使用TracePro对其杂光抑制性能进行分析,给出其PST曲线及30°太阳入射角时的杂光在像面上的照度分布图.对该遮光罩进行了杂光实验,给出像面上A、B、C三区的杂光均值随太阳入射角的变化曲线.仿真分析结果与实验结果表明该遮光罩杂光抑制能力较好,可以满足星敏感器的杂光抑制要求.     

星敏感器杂散光抑制方法及仿真分析

星敏感器的探测目标是深黑空间中的恒星,属于暗目标探测系统,对杂散光的干扰非常敏感,因此,星敏感器杂散光抑制能力是其观测能力的重要影响因素。以点源透过率（PST）为评价指标,计算观测目标7.5等星时星敏感器需要达到的杂散光抑制指标,并以此为基础,提出一种有效的杂散光抑制方法,包括外遮光罩设计、消杂散光光阑设计,以及内部机械结构的关键表面的消杂散光处理。采用Lighttools软件对设计结果进行仿真,设计与分析结果表明,该杂散光抑制方法能够有效抑制星敏感器的杂散光,实现观测7.5等星的目标。      

直角棱镜用作自准直反光镜的光学特性

针对光学准直系统中用作反射镜的直角棱镜的特点,使用三维空间解析几何方法,对入射光线与反射光线的空间位置进行分析,推导出了直角棱镜的棱线水平度（或铅垂度）对斜瞄时测量结果影响的计算公式,并进行了实验验证。