纳秒脉冲滑动弧放电等离子体裂解煤油实验研究

为改善极端条件下航空煤油的点火和燃烧性能,提高煤油活性,本文在大气压氮气环境下利用纳秒脉冲电源产生的滑动弧等离子体进行煤油裂解实验研究,得到了包含活性更高的气态轻质烃和氢气等小分子物质的裂解气。通过改变电源输出脉冲电压的上升沿时间和下降沿时间,得到了裂解气产量、碳氢比以及裂解气中各组分选择性的变化规律,并总结了相关的部分反应路径。实验结果如下：裂解气产量随着上升沿时间的增加而减小,随着下降沿时间的增加而上升,裂解气碳氢比则呈现相反的变化规律；裂解气主要组分中,乙烷选择性最高,在各实验工况下均超过30%；随着上升沿时间和下降沿时间的增加,裂解气中丙烷和丙烯的选择性均降低,氢气的选择性上升；上升沿时间和下降沿时间的变化对裂解效果产生影响的主要原因是改变了反应的路径。实验结果表明,纳秒脉冲滑动弧放电等离子体可以将煤油中的部分大分子烃类转化为气态轻烃和氢气等高活性组分。同时,增加纳秒脉冲电压下降沿时间能够改善滑动弧等离子体的裂解效果,获得更多活性更高的小分子物质。     

HPM对伪码脉冲无线电引信的压制干扰效应仿真

为了对高功率微波作用于伪码脉冲无线电引信的干扰效果进行分析,建立了引信信号处理模型并进行了计算机仿真。仿真结果表明,在频率对准的情况下,当 HPM进入引信距离门对回波信号造成压制时,由于 HPM的信号频带较宽,覆盖了多普勒滤波器带宽,多普勒滤波器的输出信号幅度仍可达到启动门限电平,压制干扰无效。     

脉冲展开式飞网质量分布与展开稳定性优化

针对脉冲展开式飞网的展开稳定性问题，从网面质量分布角度开展研究。首先基于传递矩阵方法、集中质量法和反比例函数推导建立了较优的网面质量分布模型。然后结合遗传算法优化得到了网面最优的质量分布状态，并通过大量数值仿真和回归分析得到了网面质量分布经验公式。提出的网面质量分布模型有效降低了网面质量分布问题中的优化变量个数，提升了网面质量分布最优解的求解效率。网面质量分布最优解所对应的网面展开稳定性得到大幅提升，网面质量分布经验公式对应的网面展开状态与最优解对应的网面展开状态基本一致。结果表明，将网面质量分布模型和网面质量分布经验公式应用到脉冲展开式飞网将有效提升飞网的展开稳定性。     

Geometrical and electrical optimization of NS-SDBD streamwise plasma heat knife for aircraft anti-icing

Ice accretion on aircraft encountering supercooled water droplets in clouds poses great risks to flight performance and safety. With the aim of optimizing the newly developed streamwise plasma heat knife method for anti-icing, a parametric investigation is carried out in this work. The influence of the detailed voltage profile on the heating effects of a Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge driven by Nanosecond Pulses (NS-SDBD) is investigated, and a comparison of the anti-icing performance among different configurations of streamwise plasma heat knife is made. The results show that columnar high-temperature regions produced by a multi-streamer discharge appear at small pulse rise time, but become diffuse as the pulse rise time increases. An optimal pulse rise time exists to provide a wide range and high value of temperature, which is found to be 150 ns for the setup in the present study. The influence of the pulse fall time is much weaker than that of the rise time. The range and value of the temperature decrease with increasing pulse fall time. A greater pulse width is found to improve the heating effect by increasing the discharge power. When a spanwise electrode is placed connecting the streamwise electrodes of the streamwise plasma heat knife at the airfoil leading edge, the anti-icing performance becomes poorer, whereas good performance is achieved when the spanwise electrode is at the edge of the streamwise electrodes. Based on this, a three-level configuration of the plasma heat knife is proposed, and its anti-icing performance is found to be much better than that of the original configuration.     

航天大功率电动伺服系统功率驱动设计及验证技术

针对运载火箭30 kW以上功率等级电动伺服控制驱动器的研制要求，设计了一种强环境适应的大功率绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)功率驱动模组。通过对火箭固体助推发动机工作环境分析，设计了基于光耦驱动器件的功率驱动与保护电路;为有效提升功率驱动模组在高压大电流工作时的可靠性，采用降低功率主回路杂散电感与IGBT有源钳位闭环控制相结合的方法，有效抑制IGBT在大电流关断时的电压尖峰;通过对动力电进行滤波处理，有效解决高压高频信号通过线缆传输时对控制驱动器内、外部的电磁干扰问题;通过IGBT功率驱动电路的单双脉冲测试及连续功率测试，有效验证IGBT功率驱动模组的高压驱动能力，为大功率电动伺服系统的可靠性提供技术支撑。     

新型凹入式螺旋结构增爆器的实验研究

本实验以脉冲爆震火箭发动机(简称PDREs)系统为实验平台,以液态航空煤油作为燃料,以压缩氧气作为氧化剂,以压缩氮气作为隔离气,分别对安装三种不同截面形式(半圆形、方形、三角形)的凹入式螺旋结构增爆器以及作为基准的Shchelkin螺旋结构增爆器进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,三种不同截面的凹入式增爆器均能有效强化爆燃向爆震转变(DDT)过程,在长径比为12.17的增爆器中均获得了充分发展的爆震波,实现了成功起爆。在流阻损失方面,半圆形凹入式螺旋结构表现出了最好的性能,其推力比Shchelkin螺旋的基准推力高出12个百分点。在多次实验过程中发现,凹入式螺旋结构比Shchelkin螺旋结构更不易烧蚀,工作可靠性更高。     

往复节流式正脉冲发生器性能分析CSCD

在石油开采与钻探领域,脉冲发生器作为旋转导向系统井下信号传输系统的重要组成部分,提高压力脉冲幅值有助于提升旋转导向系列产品的市场竞争力。为了揭示其工作原理及提高压力脉冲幅值,基于计算流体动力学,利用用户自定义函数(UDF)、动网格技术、非牛顿流体模型,借助Fluent平台对往复节流式正脉冲发生器进行了动态数值实验。利用离散形式的动量方程将主阀体与电磁阀的被动运动转变为主动运动,选择适用于k-ε湍流模型的赫-巴非牛顿流体本构方程描述泥浆,提高了计算的收敛性与运动的可控性。基于非牛顿流体的流固耦合方法,更真实地模拟了脉冲器在井下工作过程。结果表明限流环内径越小或入口排量越大,则压力脉冲幅值与信号发生频率越大。     

超低空反导中的多径效应仿真

为得到超低空背景下目标特性参数对脉冲雷达导引头目标检测的影响,根据导引头和目标的空间几何关系,推导了波程差、多普勒频移、相位差的表达式,并结合比例导引法建立多径效应仿真模型。针对目标飞行参数进行仿真,并结合仿真结果对参数的影响效果进行了分析,为导引头末制导段的弹道规划与有效地规避多径效应提供参考依据。     

A new approach for pulse amplitude measurement using Lagrange’s interpolation for radiation or particle detectors

In radiation detector signal processing, usually, the charge-sensitive preamplifier converts the small charge signal coming from the semiconductor-based detector into voltage form and then the signal is further amplified to measure the energy of the incoming radiation. The voltage pulse from a charge-sensitive preamplifier (CSPA) is amplified using a shaping amplifier which reduces the signal bandwidth. To achieve better energy resolution, precise measurement of the peak amplitude of shaping amplifier output is required. The signal processing methods are available in which the signal from the charge-sensitive preamplifier can be directly digitized using high-speed Analog to Digital Converters (ADC), and then further signal processing such as gain and shaping is carried out inside the Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). For multiple detector systems, digital signal processing methods are quite difficult to implement in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). In this context, The development of an alternative technique is initiated that uses a charge-sensitive preamplifier, shaping amplifier, low sampling analog-to-digital converter, and FPGA, where LaGrange’s interpolation technique is implemented in FPGA to precisely measure the peak of the analog pulse. In this paper, the comparison of the proposed method with other pulse amplitude measurement techniques is discussed. Results show that the implemented technique gives similar energy resolution compared to digital pulse processing and standard peak detector-based techniques.